Anurogryllus patos, Redü sp. nov. (Figures 2 A– J, 4D– F, 5B) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:498007 Etymology: in reference to indigenous tribe Patos, who inhabited the coastal plain on the west coast of the Rio Grande do Sul State largest lagoon, also called Lagoa dos Patos. Holotype (♂): Brazil, RS, Capão do Leão, Campus universitário da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 31°48'03.4"S 52°25'05.8"W, 18.xii.2007, E. Zefa leg., specimen code 27DA, MZSP. Paratypes (5 ♂): Brazil, RS, Capão do Leão, Campus universitário da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 31°48'03.4"S 52°25'05.8"W, 30.x.2007, E. Zefa leg., specimens code 03DA, 04DA / 8.xi.2007, E. Zefa leg., specimen code 05DA / 13.xi.2007, E. Zefa leg., specimen code 11DA / 21.x.2008, E. Zefa leg., specimen code 53DA. Diagnosis: ocelli arranged almost in line, forming a concave arc, a line imagined by the lower border of the lateral ocelli touches the median ocellus; external tympanum oblong, internal tympanum small and oval; ectophallic arc wide and short, basal concavity attenuated, apical convexity attenuated, straight and diagonal apical when in lateral view; rami connected in the basal portion, rectangular, as long as wide, apical end simple; continuous trill with pulse period between 6.91–7.61ms, pulse rate between 130–146p/s at 23°C. Description: body large, corpulent, dark brown, legs and cerci lighter. Head dark; vertex bulged in side view with bands of different shades of brown on the dorsum; coronal suture sinuous; dark pigmentation at the fork of the coronal suture and around the ocelli; eyes black with depigmented ommatidia in the latero-internal region; three lighter ocelli disposed in concave arc; lateral ocelli round; median ocellus flattened dorsoventrally with the bottom edge straight and the top edge convex; antennal fossa deep; scape lighter in the distal portion and dark in the proximal portion; pedicel and flagellum uniform in color; front with two round marks next to the scape; epistomal suture with dark mark in the tips; clypeus with mark shaped of inverted horseshoe; labrum tawny-greenish; maxillary palp with five palpomeres; third and fourth subequal and longer than the first and second; one internal dark spot on the third; fifth longest, claviform with apex rounded; labial palp with three palpomeres, the third longest and claviform. Thorax: pronotum dark, pubescent; pronotum disk with two bilateral lighter marks in leaf form, each mark with an inner black line, anterior margin concave and pubescent, posterior margin convex; anterior margin of lateral lobe depigmented, with straight angle, posterior margin rounded, dilated; prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum light brown. Legs pubescent; legs I and II similar; coxa and trochanter lighter; femur I darker in the distal portion; tibia I darker in the proximal portion, with one external and two internal apical spurs; external tympanum oblong, internal tympanum small and oval; femur II darker in the distal portion; tibia II darker in the proximal portion, with two external and two internal apical spurs; femur III robust, darker on the external lateral and dorsoapical portions; tibia III without spines; variable number of subapical spurs, seven external and seven internal in the right tibia III, eight external and six internal in the left tibia III; three external apical spurs, the first shorter, the third longer than the second; three internal apical spurs, the first shorter, second and third subequal and longer than the first; basitarsus III with two rows of dorsal spines, two apical spurs, the internal longer than the external. Right tegmen covering the abdomen; dorsal field dark, harp and mirror hyalines; basal area with vein 1A parallel to vein Cu2; chordal area with veins Cu2 and 1A parallel and arcuate, veins 2A and 3A parallel to the tegmen border, one small vein connecting Cu2 to the mirror; apical area developed and reticulate; six concentric veins in direction to vein Cu1; harp with two cross veins; mirror cross vein semicircular; lateral field hyaline, veins M, R and Sc darker, eight accessory veins; stridulatory file with 46 teeth; metathoracic wings absent. Abdomen: tergites I and II light, tergites III and subsequent darker at the lateral edges; supra-anal plate light, with anterior portion rectangular and apex rounded, two anterior bilateral dark marks; sternites with two longitudinal medians lines, darker in the lateral edge; subgenital plate apex rounded and darker, two anterior bilateral black marks; cerci uniform with bristles. Genitalia: pseudepiphallic median lobes elongated, slender and dentated; pseudepiphallic parameters slender, shorter than the median lobes; repli ectophallic ventral sclerotized, extremity do not reach the pseudepiphallic parameters; ectophallic arc wide and short, basal concavity attenuated, apical convexity attenuated, in posterior diagonal direction when in lateral view; rami connected at the basal portion, rectangular, as long as wide, apical end simple and truncated. Calling song (23°C; 21:20h): continuous trill; pulse period 7.1 ± 0.07ms (7–7.3; n=10); pulse rate of 141p/s; dominant frequency of 5080Hz. Measurements (mm): body length = 21.17; pronotal length = 3.95; pronotal width = 5.76; head width = 4.99; interocular distance = 2.76; femur III length = 11.93; tibia III length = 8.28; tibia III + basitarsus length = 11.67; cerci length = 9.05; tegmen length = 13.43; tegmen width = 8.25. Observations in paratypes: stridulatory file with 42 ± 6 teeth (35–49; n=5). Calling song: continuous trill; pulse period 7.22 ± 0.27ms (6.91–7.61; n=5); pulse rate of 139 ± 6p/s (130–146; n=5); dominant frequency of 5472 ± 425Hz (4990–6020; n=5). Males were found stridulating between October to December, an hour after sunset and remaining active for up to two hours; males build a burrow with a song amplifier shell beside of burrow entrance. Measurements (mm): body length = 22.62 ± 1.88 (20.86–24.77; n = 5); pronotal length = 3.69 ± 0.24 (3.31– 3.97; n = 5); pronotal width = 5.99 ± 0.35 (5.62–6.45; n = 5); head width = 5.05 ± 0.28 (4.76–5.5; n = 5); interocular distance = 2.87 ± 0.15 (2.68–3.04; n = 5); femur III length = 11.55 ± 0.36 (11.25–12.17; n = 5); tibia III length = 8.12 ± 0.25 (7.9–8.41; n = 5); tibia III + basitarsus length = 11.46 ± 0.28 (11.08–11.73; n = 5); tegmen length = 13.48 ± 0.62 (12.52–14.27; n = 5); tegmen width = 8.4 ± 0.37 (7.93–8.83; n = 5); cerci length = 8.13 ± 0.37 (7.51–8.49; n = 5).

Published as part of Redü, Darlan Rutz & Zefa, Edison, 2017, Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) from southern Brazil: new species and new records, pp. 559-570 in Zootaxa 4290 (3) on pages 562-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/829315