Ischnocnema lactea (Miranda-Ribeiro 1923) Basanitia lactea Miranda-Ribeiro 1923: 851 Eleutherodactylus lacteus —Lynch 1968: 875 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) lacteus — Lynch & Duellman 1997: 226 Ischnocnema lactea —Heinicke et al. 2007: 15; Hedges et al. 2008: 27 Lectotype. MZUSP 828; adult female, collected by Gustavo Edwall from the Municipality of Iguape, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The original description did not provide a date or specific sampling locality (see discussion for an analysis on the type locality). Bokermann (1966) designated the lectotype. Paralectotype. MZUSP 504; adult male of Ischnocnema parva (Girard 1853) from Campo Grande, Municipality of Santo André, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The paralectoype was designated by Bokermann (1966) and later redetermined by Heyer (1985) as Ischnocnema parva. Type locality. Municipality of Iguape, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Restricted by Bokermann (1966). We note, however, that the record for the Municipality of Iguape, which was formerly considered the type locality, is in error. Here, we redefine the type locality as the area surrounding the Padre Dória road, in the Juqueriquerê River basin (coordinates 23°38'32.43"S, 45°41'39.20"W, datum = WGS84; altitude 1,010 m a.s.l.), Municipality of Caraguatatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil (see discussion for details). Examined specimens. A total of 47 specimens of I. lactea were examined, which included 18 adult males, 13 adult females (including the lectotype; Fig. 2), 13 sub-adults, two young individuals, and one adult of undetermined sex. Specimens were obtained from different populations inhabiting the Serra do Mar region in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil: Núcleo Curucutu, PESM, Municipality of Itanhaém (N= 7), and Municipality of São Paulo (N= 1); Núcleo Santa Virgínia, PESM, Municipality of São Luís do Paraitinga (N= 1); Serra da Cantareira, Municipality of São Paulo (N= 1); Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande, Municipality of Cotia (N= 2); Estação Biológica de Boracéia (EBB), Municipality of Salesópolis (N= 2); PNMNP, Municipality of Santo André (N= 21); Parque Estadual de Ilhabela (PEI), Municipality of Ilhabela (N= 2), and Municipality of Iguape (type locality; N= 1, lectotype). Juveniles (MZUSP 134037, 145253) and sub-adults (four males, CFBH 11171, 16772, 29118, ZUEC 6382; nine females, CFBH 17670, 29094, 29107-08, MZUSP 145260, ZUEC 3531, 6381, 6383, 6470) were not considered in morphological and morphometric comparisons. Moreover, lectotype MZUSP 878 was in moderate condition of preservation (Fig. 2). Diagnosis. Ischnocnema lactea is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) large-sized species (among I. lactea species), with adult males SVL 19.6–26.7 mm; X = 23.3. ± 2.4 mm; N = 18; adult females SVL 27.6–34.3 mm; X = 30.2 ± 2.5 mm; N = 10; (2) dorsum, lateral, and gular region rugose with several scattered tubercles; (3) venter moderately granular; (4) head longer than wide; (5) snout rounded in dorsal view; (6) tip of snout obtuse in lateral view; (7) eyelid tubercles oval, well-developed; (8) vomerine process present, bearing prevomerine odontoids; (9) vocal sac single, subgular, externally expanded; (10) ungual flap present, disks expanded and indented, T-shaped, truncate in fingers II–IV; (11) double glandular nuptial pad; (12) toes relative length I

Published as part of Silva-Soares, Thiago, Malagoli, Leo Ramos, Cruz, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves & Caramaschi, Ulisses, 2018, On the taxonomy and natural history of the secretive Ischnocnema lactea (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923) (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Brachycephalidae), pp. 137-153 in Zootaxa 4444 (2) on pages 140-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1309568