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Open Data, ricerca scientifica e privatizzazione della conoscenza

Authors: Caso, Roberto;

Open Data, ricerca scientifica e privatizzazione della conoscenza

Abstract

This paper aims to outline some issues concerning the interaction, in the European Union law, between Open Data policy in the Public Sector Information and Open Science policy. On the one hand, such issues concern intellectual property: exclusive rights deriving from patents, copyright, trademarks, trade secrets. On the other hand, they concern the exclusive control of data not related to intellectual property as designed by international and national regulations (intellectual property in a narrow sense), but they regard the exclusive control deriving from abnormal forms of intellectual property ("pseudo-intellectual property") and from the actual power enhanced by technology. This exclusive control can add to (or be independent from) the protection of intellectual property conferred by law. The reflection is triggered by a novelty in the European Union policy on Open data in the Public Sector Information. The Directive 2019/1024/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information ("Open Data Directive") changes the course of research data (article 10, recitals 27 and 28), now included in its scope. The thesis advanced by this paper is the following. Next to creating public infrastructures and implementing open standards for texts, data and code, it is necessary to restrict and reorganize the intellectual property rights on data. The restriction and reorganization of intellectual property rights are amongst the tools to attempt to decrease the market power of data oligopolies. The future autonomy and freedom of research institutions (first of all, universities) and, ultimately, the future of democracy, are at stake. Questo scritto mira a delineare alcuni problemi riguardanti l���interazione, nel diritto dell���Unione Europea, tra politiche di apertura dei dati nel settore pubblico e politiche sulla scienza aperta. Per un verso, essi riguardano la propriet�� intellettuale: diritti di esclusiva derivanti da brevetti per invenzione, diritti d���autore, segni distintivi, segreti commerciali. Per l���altro, concernono il controllo esclusivo dei dati non ascrivibile alla propriet�� intellettuale come disegnata dalle normative internazionali e nazionali (propriet�� intellettuale in senso stretto), bens�� al controllo esclusivo derivante da forme anomale di propriet�� intellettuale (���pseudo-propriet�� intellettuale���) e dal potere di fatto connesso alla tecnologia. Un controllo esclusivo che pu�� sommarsi alla (o essere indipendente dalla) protezione legislativa della propriet�� intellettuale. La riflessione �� innescata da una novit�� nella politica normativa dell���Unione Europea di apertura dei dati nel settore pubblico. La direttiva 2019/1024/UE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio del 20 giugno 2019 relativa all���apertura dei dati e al riutilizzo dell���informazione del settore pubblico (���Open Data directive��� o ���direttiva dati aperti���) determina un cambio di rotta sui dati della ricerca (art. 10, considerando 27 e 28), prima esclusi dalla materia e oggi invece oggetto di disciplina. La tesi di questo scritto �� la seguente. Oltre a creare infrastrutture pubbliche e a implementare standard aperti per testi, dati e codici occorre restringere e riordinare i diritti di propriet�� intellettuale che insistono sui dati. La restrizione e il riordino della propriet�� intellettuale rappresentano alcuni degli strumenti per provare a diminuire il potere di mercato degli oligopoli dei dati. Da questa politica normativa dipende il futuro dell���autonomia e della libert�� delle istituzioni di ricerca (prime fra tutte: le universit��) e in, ultima analisi, della democrazia.

Trento LawTech Research paper nr. 48

Related Organizations
Keywords

Infrastructure, Open Science, Open Data, Public Sector Information, Dati aperti – Informazione del settore pubblico – Scienza Aperta – Dati del-la ricerca - Proprietà intellettuale, Intellectual Property

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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