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Skill Specificity of Upper-Secondary Training Occupations and the Gender Pay Gap = Berufliche Spezifit��t und Einkommensunterschiede zwischen M��nnern und Frauen

Authors: Grønning, Miriam; Kriesi, Irene; Sacchi, Stefan;

Skill Specificity of Upper-Secondary Training Occupations and the Gender Pay Gap = Berufliche Spezifit��t und Einkommensunterschiede zwischen M��nnern und Frauen

Abstract

Summary Gender disparities in wages are still fairly large. On average, women earn less than men from the beginning of their careers. This article investigates whether young men and women with vocational education and training receive different returns for occupation-specific and general skills, a topic that has hitherto received little attention. Theoretically, we draw on a culturalist approach, as well as on the varieties of capitalism approach. The analyses are based on a combination of detailed occupation-level data on the specificity of training occupations and individuallevel data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey on the incomes of upper-secondary vocational diploma holders. The results of multilevel regression models show that men���s and women���s incomes are affected by a complex interplay between gender and skill endowment. Occupation-specific vocational skills only secure a high income early in the careers of men who trained in male-typed or gender-neutral occupations. Women profit from a high proportion of general knowledge in their training. Furthermore, we find evidence for a general devaluation of female-typed skills. In sum, the findings suggest that employers��� discriminatory remuneration practices, a general devaluation of female-typed skills and young people���s rational skill investment decisions contribute jointly to the gender gap in income. Zusammenfassung Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede sind nach wie vor bedeutend. Im Durchschnitt verdienen Frauen bereits ab dem Beginn ihrer Berufslaufbahn weniger als M��nner. Wir untersuchen in diesem Beitrag, ob junge Frauen und M��nner mit Berufsbildung unterschiedliche Renditen f��r berufsspezifische und allgemeine Kenntnisse erhalten, ein Thema, das in der bisherigen Forschung wenig Beachtung gefunden hat. Theoretisch st��tzen wir uns sowohl auf die Devaluierungstheorie als auch auf die Varieties-of-Capitalism-Theorie. Detaillierte Indikatoren f��r die berufliche Spezifit��t der Ausbildungsberufe sowie Registerdaten f��r das Einkommen der Befragten werden den Individualdaten der Schweizerischen Arbeitskr��fteerhebung zugespielt. Die Ergebnisse der Mehrebenenmodelle zeigen, dass das Einkommen von Personen mit einer Berufsausbildung in den ersten Erwerbsjahren von einem komplexen Zusammenspiel zwischen Geschlecht und Kompetenzausstattung beeinflusst wird. Berufsspezifische Kenntnisse erh��hen das Einkommen nur f��r M��nner mit m��nnlich konnotierten oder geschlechtsneutralen Ausbildungsberufen. Frauen profitieren von einem hohen Anteil an allgemeinbildendem Unterricht w��hrend ihrer Ausbildung. Dar��ber hinaus finden wir Hinweise auf eine generelle Abwertung von weiblich konnotierten Kenntnissen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass diskriminierende Verg��tungspraktiken der Arbeitgeber, eine allgemeine Abwertung der weiblich konnotierten Kompetenzen und rationale Ausbildungsentscheidungen junger Menschen gemeinsam zum durchschnittlich geringeren Einkommen der Frauen beitragen.

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Keywords

Gender wage disparities, Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation, Berufliche Spezifit��t, Devaluierungstheorie, Vocational specificity, Allgemeinbildung, Varieties of Capitalism, Berufsbildung, Berufliche Spezifität, General education, Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, Occupational gender segregation, Vocational education and training, Devaluation theory, Varieties of capitalism

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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