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AUTOPSIA DE MEMBRANAS DE ÓSMOSIS INVERSA DE PLANTAS DESALINIZADORAS CUBANAS

Authors: Montalván Estrada, Adelmo; Roca López, Eneida; Sánchez García, Yarima; Herrera Herrera, Iván; Guerra Lima, Yessica; Goiburo Cordero, Darlen;

AUTOPSIA DE MEMBRANAS DE ÓSMOSIS INVERSA DE PLANTAS DESALINIZADORAS CUBANAS

Abstract

La OSDE Agua y Saneamiento del Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hídricos de Cuba posee 14 plantas desalinizadoras ubicadas en siete provincias del país y el municipio especial de la Isla de la Juventud. Estas plantas se ubican en zonas afectadas por severas sequías o zonas de interés turístico. El fouling de las membranas es un fenómeno que entorpece la explotación sostenible de la tecnología de ósmosis inversa para desalar el agua de mar o las aguas salobres. En los últimos años, la comunidad científica y las empresas muestran un interés creciente por comprender los mecanismos del fouling de las membranas y el desarrollo de métodos para su control. Estos estudios se basan en un análisis exhaustivo de las membranas usadas, lo que se conoce como “autopsia de membrana”. En el presente trabajo se brindan los resultados de la autopsia de membranas de plantas de ósmosis inversa, operadas por el INRH en Cuba. Se realizaron los siguientes ensayos en las membranas: pérdida por ignición, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM-EDX), difractometría de rayos X (DRX), espectrofotometría infrarroja (ATR-FTIR), espectrometría de fluorecencia de rayos X (FRX), el test de Fujiwara y la prueba ácida. La autopsia de membranas permitió identificar los principales tipos de sedimentos e incrustaciones, su composición y estructura cristalina, predominando los de tipo carbonatados. Los resultados permiten implementar procesos de limpieza de las membranas y condiciones operacionales óptimas para aumentar su vida útil, con importantes beneficios sociales y económicos. Palabras Clave: Autopsia de membranas; Ósmosis inversa; Tratamiento de agua.

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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