PsyOps aiming attack opponents through misinformation are recurring activities which records can be found since ancient history. Nevertheless, misinformation activities in cyber domain brought new dynamics and methods to this kind of operations. Dealing with governmental misinformation is an ability journalists learn still in the first years in university; however, it has been often detected complex misinformation strategies being used as offensive approaches on strategic communication, aiming undermining and weaken democratic infrastructure in many countries. Two strategies are more recurring: attacks against election process and the spreading of fake news whose impact provoke discredit to State institutions. Deterrence policies against the spread of misinformation are nowadays urgently necessary to safekeep critical democratic infrastructure of the States.

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