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A new species of oak gallwasp, Andricus synophri (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) is described from Iran. This species is known only from asexual females and induces galls on the twigs of Quercus brantii and Q. libani. Galls are multilocular, develop on lateral buds of young branches. According to its morphology, Andricus synophri belongs to a large group of 12 Andricus species, the ���Adleria non-kollari��� group. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the new species are given.