The dossier covers the chemistry, application, regulation, exposure, and health effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. PFASs are widely used as surfactants, polymers, coatings, and additives in food contact materials (FCMs) as well as in many other applications. They are applied in FCMs to improve e.g. the stain and grease repellence of FCM paper and board and the non-stick properties of cookware. Due to their persistency and toxic properties, legal measures have been taken to restrict and/or ban the use of some long-chain PFASs within the last years. However, a wide range of fluorinated alternatives is currently under development or already on the market.