Scinax tupinamba sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Holotype. MNRJ 53549. Adult male, collected from a bromeliad on the surface of a large, exposed, granite rock face at Fazenda Bom Jardim, Municipality of Mangaratiba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22 0 54’ 45” S, 44 0 06’ 11” W) on 15 September 2005 by Alexandre F. Bamberg de Araújo, Piktor Benmaman, and João M. Leite. Paratypes. Collected with the holotype: MNRJ 53550, 53551 adult males, MNRJ 53552 adult female; MNRJ 53553, 53554 adult males, collected on the same locality on 19 September 2006, by Hélio R. Silva, Ricardo Alves-Silva, and Piktor Benmaman. MNRJ 53555, 53556 adult males, collected at Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Rio das Pedras, Municipality of Mangaratiba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22 0 59' 29" S, 44 0 06' 62" W) on 13 September 2005, by A. B. F. Araújo, P. Benmaman, and J. M. Leite; MNRJ 53557 adult male, same locality, 14 September 2005, by A. B. F. Araújo, P. Benmaman, and J. M. Leite; MNRJ 53558 - 53562 adult males, collected at Ilha da Gipóia, Municipality of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (23 0 01' 55" S, 44 0 22' 39" W) on 16 March 2006, by H. R. Silva, R. Alves-Silva, Gabriela B. Bittencourt- Silva, and Karina S. Marques. Diagnosis. The new species is placed in the genus Scinax based the origin of the m. pectoralis abdominalis through a well-defined tendon on the pelvis (Faivovich 2002 – Observed though the skin transparency, the other synapomorphy depend on dissection for observation and were not considered). Within the genus it is a member of the Scinax perpusillus group based on the use of bromeliads for reproduction. Scinax tupinamba is a moderately-sized species (SVL males 16.6–18.9 mm, females 20.1–22.6 mm) relative to other species in the S. perpusillus group. The species is characterized by (1) snout with a distinct medial process (a protuberance caused by the cartilaginous medial prenasal process of the tectum nasal under the skin); (2) head longer than wide; (3) canthus rostralis distinct and well defined; (4) eyes protruding and prominent; (5) tympanum round pigmented, with diameter less the half the diameter of the eye; (6) choanae elliptical; (7) vomerine odontophore in two round patches (with three to four teeth each) separated from each other and from the choanae by the same distance; (8) arms with dark stripes; (9) webbing absent between fingers; (10) disk of finger II smaller than those of other fingers; (11) webbing absent between toes I and II; (12) webbing reduced between toes II and III; (13) dorsum with a well marked dark stripe in the posterior third of the body; (14) in life concealed areas of thigh and shank with yellow blotches; (15) skin of venter and thighs ventrally granulated; (16) in life, tadpoles with a distinct, large, and bright yellow stripe between the eyes and the nostrils. Comparisons. Adult individuals of Scinax tupinamba may be distinguished from other species of the Scinax perpusillus group by the presence of a prominent medial process between nostrils (= the externally visible cartilaginous medial prenasal process of the tectum nasal). Only S. meloi and S. v-signatus possess a similar process, but it is smaller. The tadpole of S. tupinamba is unique within the group in having a distinctive yellow stripe between the eyes and the nostrils. Additionally, the tadpoles of S. tupinamba differs from those of all other species, but S. v- signatus, in color pattern ontogeny; after stage 37, darker spots appear on the tail fin (Fig. 4). Description of holotype. Body slender; head wider than longer; snout protruding in lateral view and acuminate in dorsal view, with evident rostral keel (Fig.4); nostrils elliptical, canthus rostralis distinct, slightly rounded; loreal region concave; eye protruding and prominent, directed laterally and slightly anteriorly; tympanum small, distinct, round, diameter less than half of the eye diameter; weak supratympanic fold extending from tympanic region to shoulder; vocal sac subgular and of moderate size; tongue oval, free laterally and posteriorly, shallowly notched posteriorly, slightly granulated; vocal slits present, oblique; vomerine teeth in two small, round odontophores, each bearing three teeth; choanae elliptical, medium sized. Arms slender; forearms slightly robust, outer metacarpal tubercle large, bifid; inner metacarpal tubercle elliptical; subarticular tubercles rounded, single; fingers without webbing; relative finger lengths II

Published as part of Silva, Helio Ricardo Da & Silva, Ricardo Alves-, 2008, New coastal and insular species of the bromeligenous Scinax perpusillus group, from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Anura, Hylidae), pp. 34-44 in Zootaxa 1914 on pages 36-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184585