Sclerotia Ballantyne gen. nov. (Figs 17−46, 63−138) Type species. Luciola aquatilis Thancharoen, 2007. Ballantyne (1987b) first identified the presence of sclerites surrounding the aedeagal sheath in specimens she incorrectly identified as Luciola japonica (the species is Sclerotia aquatilis and is addressed in this paper). Jeng et al. (2003: Fig. 14) illustrated two lateral sclerites the arms of which envelop the sheath from the sides, and a single ventral sclerite in what we now know is Scl. flavida (they misidentified their species as Luciola substriata). Thancharoen et al. (2007) did not investigate their presence in L. aquatilis but presented clear photos of the elytral punctation. Because the sclerites appear to be associated with the linear elytral punctation an attempt was made to survey those 12 species described originally with elytral punctures in lines (Thancharoen et al. 2007: Fig. 5; McDermott 1966), and to locate types and identified material. We were successful in locating types of seven species and our reassessment is presented below (Table 3). Diagnosis. Sclerotia gen. nov. is distinguished from all other Luciolinae genera as follows: Males: most species with dull brownish yellow dorsum often with elytral apices black tipped; elytra with lines of punctures running parallel to each other over most of the surface, entire LO in V7 with an anterior median emargination, and LO assuming either a heart or U shape depending on the depth of the emargination; three strongly sclerotised sclerites surround the aedeagal sheath, one ventral and two lateral (sclerites may be visible from below through the light organ emargination, or from above through the tergites depending on the nature of preservation of the specimen); aedeagal sheath sternite sloping to left and either emarginate or prolonged along its posterior margin; aedeagus short and squat, with broad LL visible beside ML; LL slightly uneven in length. Females: macropterous and assumed capable of flight; elytral punctures as for male; LO confined to V6 with V7, 8 medianly emarginated along their posterior borders; bursa without plates. Larvae: Metapneustic, without gills in later instars; lateral bristles in first and possibly second instars may function as gills (Fu & Ballantyne 2009); back swimmers common at or just beneath water surface with their terminal spiracles piercing the surface, and their morphology is an adaptation to this more exposed mode of life (Fu et al. 2005a); apparently without defensive glands (Fu & Ballantyne 2010, Fu et al. 2012b). . Luciolinae described with linear elytral punctation Comments** (from Thancharoen et al. 2007) Luciola ambita Olivier 1909 (Java) Type in MNHN; anterior margin of light organ in V7 not emarginated; elytral punctation not in lines (LB examination 2013). See Figs 4−6 L. aquatilis Thancharoen 2007 (Thailand) * Type AMNH L. delauneyi Bourgeois 1890 (Vietnam) Type MNHN without head and pronotum; possibly should be assigned to Curtos (LB examination 2013). See Figs 7 − 9 L. flebilis Olivier 1909 (Sumatra) Type MCSN; elytral punctation not in lines. See Figs 10−12. L. semilimbata Olivier 1883 (India) Assigned to Pyrophanes in Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013 = L. venusta Olivier 1883 L. semimarginata Olivier 1883 (Celebes) ** Specimens in NHML and MNHN have trisinuate ventrite 7 (LB examination 2013). See Figs 13−16. L. seriata Olivier 1891 (Burma) * Type MCSN L. substriata Gorham 1880 (India) * Type not located; Jeng et al. (2003) synonymised this with L. formosana Pic (1916); this synonymy is rejected here and Taiwanese population assigned to L. formosana. L. varia Olivier 1908 Types in Deutschen Entomol. National Museum, and MNHN (not examined for this study but probably belongs in Sclerotia gen. nov.) Footnote: **comments about possible taxonomic status expressed above is that of Ballantyne alone and has not yet been formalised (Ballantyne & Lambkin in prep.) Male. BL/ W 2.3 –3.2. Pronotum (Figs 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 39, 42, 43, 74, 86, 93, 97, 119, 131, 133, 135):W/L 1.6–2.1; L/BL 0.14–0.19; W/ GHW 1.3–1.5; dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas (1, 2); punctation dense; anterior margin not explanate; pronotum either as wide across middle as in posterior third (B=C) or wider across posterior area than rest (C>A, B); pronotal width either very slightly less than or subequal to humeral width; median anterior margin broadly rounded not usually projecting anteriorly much if at all beyond rounded obtuse anterolateral corners; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with a slight convergence in posterior 1/6, or divergent posteriorly in anterior 1/2 with posterior half subparallel; without indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane (16, 17); subparallel sided margins straight; without indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner (17, 18); posterolateral corners rounded obtuse or slightly less than 90° and inclined obliquely to the median line; posterolateral corners either projecting as far as the median posterior margin or beyond and separated from it by a shallow emargination Hypomera: closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated in a vertical direction (27); hypomeron not closely adpressed. Elytron (Figs 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 39, 42, 43, 74, 86, 93, 97, 119, 131, 133, 135, 136): EL/BL 0.80−0.82; elytra subparallel-sided in anterior 2/3, tapering slightly in posterior 1/3; contiguous along suture almost to apex, punctation dense, linear, lines of punctures parallel over much of the elytron, not as large as those of pronotum, nor widely spaced; apices not deflexed (38); epipleuron and suture extend beyond midpoint to apex without any further expansion of either; interstitial lines either evanescent or up to 4 lines well defined; elytral carina absent (54); epipleuron expanded at base, covering humerus from below either completely or almost so and arising anterior to posterior margin of the MS (from above); epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of its length; sutural margins approximate along most of their length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel sided or slightly convex. Head (Figs 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 40, 44, 75, 94, 98. 132, 134, 137): SIW/GHW 0.15– 0.17; shallowly depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within the prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close; frons vertex ‘junction’ rounded; posterolateral eye excavation not developed (61); antennal sockets on head between eyes, separated by 4 times as long as wide; without paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite inclines to the left from point of attachment of the tergite and narrowed anterior right arm of tergite is visible beside the sternite (Fig. 32); tergite arms attaching asymmetrically to sides of sternite, left arm at about 1/4 length from distal end of sternite (Figs 32, 33 “B”), and right arm at about 1/2 length sternite from proximal end (Figs 32−35 “A”); sternite not angulate on left or right sides, posterior half approaching subparallelsided; often with obliquely inclined narrow ridge in posterior area of sternite running from basal left to distal right (Figs 30, 45, 46 “5”, 77, 102, 11); posterior margin either apically emarginated, truncate (Fig. 77), or prolonged on one side; emargination may be symmetrical, in centre or off centre, or asymmetrical with only one side of the posterior margin extended (Figs 73, 121, 127); anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite not subdivided, without projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9, without transverse band across anterior margin of tergite; midanterior margin of tergite either emarginated or narrowly produced (Figs 33−35 “D”, 91, 101, 126). Aedeagus (Figs 36−38, 83−85, 88, 108−110, 115−117, 123−125): L/W half their length; LL usually bearing small incurving tooth at their inner apices; LL base width not = LL apex width which is subequal to or narrower than that of ML with apices expanded in a horizontal plane; base of LL (from above) symmetrical, not excavated, anterior median margin prolonged and broadly rounded or truncate; LL without lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, without projection on left LL only; inner margins without slender leaf-like projection. ML symmetrical, without paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, and apex either slightly acute or rounded, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; base of ML rounded with outline following that of BP (Fig. 37 “F”); BP well defined and long, narrow, (lateral margins of BP project posteriorly to about 0.4–0.6 of the length of aedeagus Fig. 37 “E”), not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female (Figs 41, 76, 95, 96, 99, 100). Macropterous. Pronotum without irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense, pronotum subequal to or

Published as part of Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L., Luan, Xin, Boontop, Yuvarin, Nak-Eiam, Sorasak, Pimpasalee, Suttisan, Silalom, Sommyot & Thancharoen, Anchana, 2016, Further studies on south eastern Asian Luciolinae: 1. Sclerotia Ballantyne, a new genus of fireflies with back swimming larvae 2. Triangulara Pimpasalee, a new genus from Thailand (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 201-249 in Zootaxa 4170 (2) on pages 209-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4170.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257995