About Dataset Monthly averaged lightning data extracted from 1-year EMAC simulation (between 1 March, 2017 and 28 February, 2018, T42L90MA resolution). Authors: Francisco J. Perez-Invernon, Heidi Huntrieser, Patrick Joeckel and Francisco J. Gordillo-Vazquez Description of the data P_cth.tar: Lightning parameterization based on cloud top height. Scaling factor is applied. L_cth.tar: Lightning parameterization based on cloud top height and modified over the oceans. A scaling factor of 0.571 have to be applied. G_updr: Lightning parameterization based on updraft velocity. Scaling factor is applied. A_prec: Lightning parameterization based on convective precipitation. A scaling factor of 0.76 have to be applied. A_updr: Lightning parameterization based on Updraft strength at 440~hPa. A scaling factor of 0.01618 have to be applied. P_cth + A_prec: Lightning parameterization based on cloud top height and updraft velocity. A scaling factor of 1.13 have to be applied. File format: netcdf Example: netcdf LCC_2017_______20170201_0000_mmlb_PaR_T { dimensions: time = UNLIMITED ; // (1 currently) lon = 128 ; lat = 64 ; tbnds = 2 ; variables: double time(time) ; time:long_name = "time" ; time:bounds = "time_bnds" ; time:units = "day since 2017-01-01 00:00:00" ; time:calendar = "gregorian" ; double YYYYMMDD(time) ; YYYYMMDD:long_name = "time" ; YYYYMMDD:units = "days as %Y%m%d.%f" ; YYYYMMDD:calendar = "gregorian" ; double dt(time) ; dt:long_name = "delta_time" ; dt:units = "s" ; double nstep(time) ; nstep:long_name = "current time step" ; float lon(lon) ; lon:long_name = "longitude" ; lon:units = "degrees_east" ; float lat(lat) ; lat:long_name = "latitude" ; lat:units = "degrees_north" ; float aps(time, lat, lon) ; aps:long_name = "surface pressure" ; aps:units = "Pa" ; aps:representation = "GP_2D_HORIZONTAL" ; aps:grid_type = "gaussian" ; aps:table = 128 ; aps:code = 134 ; aps:REFERENCE_TO = "g3b: aps" ; aps:coordinates = "lon lat" ; aps:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float aps_ave(time, lat, lon) ; aps_ave:long_name = "surface pressure" ; aps_ave:units = "Pa" ; aps_ave:representation = "GP_2D_HORIZONTAL" ; aps_ave:grid_type = "gaussian" ; aps_ave:table = 128 ; aps_ave:code = 134 ; aps_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "g3b: aps" ; aps_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; aps_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpscg(time, lat, lon) ; fpscg:long_name = "CG flash frequency" ; fpscg:units = "1/s" ; fpscg:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpscg" ; fpscg:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpscg:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpscg_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpscg_ave:long_name = "CG flash frequency" ; fpscg_ave:units = "1/s" ; fpscg_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpscg" ; fpscg_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpscg_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpsic(time, lat, lon) ; fpsic:long_name = "IC flash frequency" ; fpsic:units = "1/s" ; fpsic:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsic" ; fpsic:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsic:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpsic_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpsic_ave:long_name = "IC flash frequency" ; fpsic_ave:units = "1/s" ; fpsic_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsic" ; fpsic_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsic_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpsm2cg(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2cg:long_name = "CG flash density" ; fpsm2cg:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2cg:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2cg" ; fpsm2cg:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2cg:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpsm2cg_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2cg_ave:long_name = "CG flash density" ; fpsm2cg_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2cg_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2cg" ; fpsm2cg_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2cg_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpsm2ic(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2ic:long_name = "IC flash density" ; fpsm2ic:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2ic:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2ic" ; fpsm2ic:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2ic:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpsm2ic_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2ic_ave:long_name = "IC flash density" ; fpsm2ic_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2ic_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2ic" ; fpsm2ic_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2ic_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpslcc10(time, lat, lon) ; fpslcc10:long_name = "LCC(>10 ms) flash frequency" ; fpslcc10:units = "1/s" ; fpslcc10:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpslcc10" ; fpslcc10:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpslcc10:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpslcc10_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpslcc10_ave:long_name = "LCC(>10 ms) flash frequency" ; fpslcc10_ave:units = "1/s" ; fpslcc10_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpslcc10" ; fpslcc10_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpslcc10_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpslcc20(time, lat, lon) ; fpslcc20:long_name = "LCC(>20 ms) flash frequency" ; fpslcc20:units = "1/s" ; fpslcc20:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpslcc20" ; fpslcc20:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpslcc20:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpslcc20_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpslcc20_ave:long_name = "LCC(>20 ms) flash frequency" ; fpslcc20_ave:units = "1/s" ; fpslcc20_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpslcc20" ; fpslcc20_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpslcc20_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpsm2lcc10(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2lcc10:long_name = "LCC(>10 ms) flash density" ; fpsm2lcc10:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2lcc10:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2lcc10" ; fpsm2lcc10:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2lcc10:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpsm2lcc10_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2lcc10_ave:long_name = "LCC(>10 ms) flash density" ; fpsm2lcc10_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2lcc10_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2lcc10" ; fpsm2lcc10_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2lcc10_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpsm2lcc20(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2lcc20:long_name = "LCC(>20 ms) flash density" ; fpsm2lcc20:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2lcc20:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2lcc20" ; fpsm2lcc20:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2lcc20:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpsm2lcc20_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2lcc20_ave:long_name = "LCC(>20 ms) flash density" ; fpsm2lcc20_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2lcc20_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2lcc20" ; fpsm2lcc20_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2lcc20_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpssprite(time, lat, lon) ; fpssprite:long_name = "Sprites flash frequency" ; fpssprite:units = "1/s" ; fpssprite:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpssprite" ; fpssprite:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpssprite:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpssprite_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpssprite_ave:long_name = "Sprites flash frequency" ; fpssprite_ave:units = "1/s" ; fpssprite_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpssprite" ; fpssprite_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpssprite_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float fpsm2sprite(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2sprite:long_name = "Sprites flash density" ; fpsm2sprite:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2sprite:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2sprite" ; fpsm2sprite:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2sprite:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float fpsm2sprite_ave(time, lat, lon) ; fpsm2sprite_ave:long_name = "Sprites flash density" ; fpsm2sprite_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ; fpsm2sprite_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "lnox_PaR_T_gp: fpsm2sprite" ; fpsm2sprite_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; fpsm2sprite_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float bps(time, lat, lon) ; bps:long_name = "BJ flash frequency" ; bps:units = "1/s" ; bps:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPaR_T_gp: bps" ; bps:coordinates = "lon lat" ; bps:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float bps_ave(time, lat, lon) ; bps_ave:long_name = "BJ flash frequency" ; bps_ave:units = "1/s" ; bps_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPaR_T_gp: bps" ; bps_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; bps_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; float bpsm2(time, lat, lon) ; bpsm2:long_name = "BJ flash density" ; bpsm2:units = "1/s/m2" ; bpsm2:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPaR_T_gp: bpsm2" ; bpsm2:coordinates = "lon lat" ; bpsm2:cell_methods = "time: point" ; float bpsm2_ave(time, lat, lon) ; bpsm2_ave:long_name = "BJ flash density" ; bpsm2_ave:units = "1/s/m2" ; bpsm2_ave:REFERENCE_TO = "bluejetbPaR_T_gp: bpsm2" ; bpsm2_ave:coordinates = "lon lat" ; bpsm2_ave:cell_methods = "time: mean" ; double time_bnds(time, tbnds) ; time_bnds:long_name = "time bounds" ; time_bnds:units = "days since 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z" ; time_bnds:cell_methods = "time: point"

FJPI acknowledges the sponsorship provided by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research of Germany through the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Additionally, this work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, under projects PID2019-109269RB-C43 and FEDER program. FJGV acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrof'isica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709).

{"references": ["P\u00e9rez-Invern\u00f3n F. J., et al. (2021). A parameterization of Long-Continuing-Current (LCC) lightning in the lightning submodel LNOX (version 3.0) of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy, version 2.54). GMD."]}