The paper discusses the importance of information resources requiring reliable methods of unauthorized access protection in the modern information-oriented society. The article describes the structure and basic principles of the quantum cryptography technology based on properties of quantum systems. Quantum information is a physical quantity characterizing changes occurring in the system during interaction between the information flow and the external environment. It offers a method for improving data security and confidential information protection using quantum teleportation within infrared laser communication channels. The theoretical development was implemented experimentally by the authors using the unit for laser communications.