The datasets were produced in the following article. When using the data, please use the following citation: Niva V, Kallio M, Muttarak R, Taka M, Varis O, Kummu M. 2021. Global migration is driven by the complex interplay between environmental and social factors. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2e86 The data include the following files: AC.tif Composite index computed based on the four AC variables by taking a mean over the respective variables: economy.tif Downscaled and min-max normalized income data. education.tif Min-max normalized education data. governance.tif Min-max normalized governance data. health.tif Min-max normalized health data. For all of the above data, 0 and 1 represent the lowest and highest capacity, respectively. ES.tif Composite index computed based on the four ES variables by taking a mean over the respective variables: foodProdScarcityScaled.tif Food production scarcity data based on food production data. droughtRiskScaled.tif Computed and scaled drought risk based on SPEI index. waterRiskScaled.tif Computed and scaled water risk data based on three water stress indices. For all of the above data 0 and 1 represent the lowest and highest stress, respectively. Kindly note that data for natural hazards is available at its source (please see the list below). class_raster.tif Spatial representation of the classification matrix. cntryID.gpkg Country polygons with country IDs. cntry_raster_masked.tif Country raster with country IDs. countriesRegionsZones.csv Country groups and countries. Dataset specifications: spatial extent: -180, 180, -90, 90 spatial resolution: 5 arc-min (0.083333333 degrees) projection: long/lat WGS84 no data value: NA Original data to produce the above indicators and to replicate the full analysis is available at the following sources: Net-migration data (30 arc-sec resolution): https://doi.org/10.7927/H4319SVC Natural hazards: https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.h2v2398 Governance effectiveness: https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.h2v2398 Human Development Indicators (income, education, health): https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2019.38 Water risk indicators: https://doi.org/10.46830/writn.18.00146 Drought (SPEI index): https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1 Food production: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420 Population data: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683609356587

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This study was funded by Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki r.y., Aalto University (Base Funds and the 520 Doctoral Programme of the School of Engineering), Academy of Finland funded project WATVUL (grant no. 317320), European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 819202) 522 and IIASA including the National Member Organizations that support the institute.