Annual 30-m resolution irrigation maps, derivative products, and ground reference locations for the United States, 1997-2017, including: (1) lanidYYYY (binary): Annual irrigation layer for the year YYYY (ranging from 1997 to 2017), e.g., lanid2017 is the irrigation map for the year 2017. (2) irrFreq (1-21): The number of years irrigated during 1997-2017. (3) irrFreqPasture_West: irrFreq of pasture/hay for the western CONUS. (4) maxIrrExt (binary): Croplands that have been irrigated at least once during 1997-2017. (5) irrFreqChange (1-21): The difference of number of years irrigated between 1998-2007 and that of between 2008-2017 (i.e., irrFreq2008-2017 - irrFreq1998-2007). (6) irrAreaGain (-1684-2333): LANID-derived irrigation gain (in hectare) from 1998-2007 to 2008-2017 at the 6km×6km scale. (7) formerIrr (binary): Not irrigated anytime in 2015-2017, but irrigated at least 3 times prior. (8) irrWholePeriod (binary): Irrigated at least once for both 1997-1999 and 2015-2017. (9) intermittentIrr (binary): Irrigated at least once for both 1997-1999 and 2015-2017, and irrigation frequency ≤ 18. (10) irrSamples_eastCONUS: Sample locations of center pivot fields in the eastern CONUS (4976 sample locations). (11) rainfedSamples_eastCONUS: Sample locations of stable rainfed fields in the eastern CONUS (4978 sample locations). For technical details that used to create the dataset, please refer to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112445; Data description details are available via https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2021-207/.