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Características microbiológicas de pacientes con urocultivos positivos del Hospital Universitario del Rio, Ecuador

Authors: Ivanna Solmayra Agreda Orellana; Jacqueline Campoverde Rengifo; Mark Cabrera Gómez; Carlos Maldonado Robles; Rubí Arias Villalva; Alex Durazno Ortiz; Vicente Aguilera Moreira; +5 Authors

Características microbiológicas de pacientes con urocultivos positivos del Hospital Universitario del Rio, Ecuador

Abstract

Objetivo: Evaluar las características microbiológicas de pacientes con urocultivos positivos del Hospital Universitario del Rio, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo en pacientes sometidos a la realización de un urocultivo en el servicio de microbiología en las áreas de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) adultos, UCI pediátrico, consulta externa y hospitalización durante el año 2018, se emplearon los datos clínicos de las historias que se encuentran en el departamento de registros médicos. Resultados: De los 395 reportes positivos, los uropatógenos que prevalecieron fueron, entre los gram negativos Escherichia coli con 69,6% (n=275), entre los gram positivos Enterococcus faecalis con 3% (n=12) y entre los agentes micóticos Candida albicans presentó el 6,3% (n=25). En relación a la resistencia antimicrobiana, los gérmenes gram negativos fueron principalmente resistentes a las quinolonas (47,8%; n=161) y cefalosporinas (26,4%; n=89), siendo los marcadores de resistencia más comunes la resistencia a quinolonas (33,5%; n=113) y las Betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) (19,9%; n=67). Por su parte, los gérmenes gram positivos fueron principalmente resistentes a la oxacilina (20%; n=5), siendo los marcadores de resistencia más comunes la resistencia a quinolonas (36%; n=9) y Staphylococcus meticilino resistencia (20%; n=5). Conclusión: Los reportes microbiológicos del Hospital Universitario del Río, Ecuador, predominaron en mujeres, en individuos mayores de 20 años y con manejo ambulatorio; siendo Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis y Cándida albicans los gérmenes más frecuentemente aislados, con una alta resistencia a quinolonas.

Keywords

infección,, cultivo,, resistencia antimicrobiana., epidemiología,

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