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Hornos de cal de Monte Albán, México: estudio combinado de espectrometría de infrarrojo ATR-FTIR y arqueomagnetismo

Authors: Ortiz, Soledad; García, Nelly M. Robles; De Lucio, Oscar G.; Avto Goguitchaichvili; Ríos, Dante García; Cejudo, Rubén; Cervantes, Miguel; +2 Authors

Hornos de cal de Monte Albán, México: estudio combinado de espectrometría de infrarrojo ATR-FTIR y arqueomagnetismo

Abstract

Los hornos de cal pueden proporcionar una importante información arqueológica sobre la producción de cal y su papel en la sociedad. Si bien se llevaron a cabo numerosas investigaciones arqueométricas en el área maya, aún no se dispone de tales estudios para el valle de Oaxaca. En este trabajo presentamos un análisis combinado de arqueomagnetismo y espectrometría infrarroja de dos hornos de cal recientemente descubiertos en Monte Albán. Se utilizó el método ATR-FTIR para estimar las temperaturas de calcinación. El rango de temperatura estuvo entre 750 y 800 °C para la gran mayoría de las muestras. El primer horno intervenido —cuyas paleodirecciones medias determinadas sobre 7 muestras (de un total de 15 tratadas) son Inc = 31.46°, Dec = 350.18°, α95 = 2.5°, k = 578— arroja un posible intervalo de edad entre 1076 y 1321 AD. Para el segundo horno de cal (6 determinaciones de un total de 14 muestras tratadas y con Inc = 18.08°, Dec = 2.64°, α95 = 2.9°, k = 543), el intervalo correspondiente está entre 713 y 883 AD. Las fechas más tempranas corresponden probablemente al momento de la última época de construcciones y el «abandono» de Monte Albán. La producción de cal fue menor en el tiempo posterior y, en apariencia, servía únicamente para realizar el mantenimiento de los edificios importantes. ENGLISH: Lime Kilns from Monte Alban, Mexico: Combined ATR-FTIR Infrared Spectrometry and Archaeomagnetism Study. Lime kilns can provide important archaeological information about lime production and its role in society. Although numerous archaeometric investigations were carried out in the Maya area, such studies are not yet available for the Valley of Oaxaca. This paper presents a combined archaeomagnetism and infrared spectrometry analysis of two lime kilns recently discovered at Monte Alban. The ATR-FTIR method was used to estimate the calcination temperatures. The temperature range was between 750 and 800 °C for the vast majority of samples. The first kiln involved—whose mean paleodirections determined on 7 samples (out of a total of 15 treated) are Inc = 31.46°, Dec = 350.18°, α95 = 2.5°, k = 578—yields a possible age range between 1076 and 1321 AD. For the second lime kiln (6 determinations out of a total of 14 treated samples and with Inc = 18.08°, Dec = 2.64°, α95 = 2.9°, k = 543), the corresponding interval is between 713 and 883 AD. The earliest dates probably correspond to the time of the last construction period and the “abandonment” of Monte Alban. Lime production was lower in the later time and apparently only served for the maintenance of important buildings.

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Keywords

infrared spectrometry, Monte Alban, Oaxaca, archaeometry, archaeomagnetism, lime kilns

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