This is the dataset on annual frequency of heatwaves, heavy precipitation, and heatwave-heavy precipitation events during 1961-2019 at 1776 stations across China. This dataset is the processed results based on daily observations that are provided by the National Meteorological Science Data Center (http://data.cma.cn/en). In this processed dataset, the "HW_HI" column is the annual frequency of heat-index-based heatwaves; "HW_TW" column is the annual frequency of wet-bulb temperature based heatwaves; "HP" is the annual frequency of heavy precipitation with taking the 95th percentile of non-zero precipitation at the threshold. "HWHP_HI"/"HWHP_TW" column indicate annual frequency of heavy precipitation preceded by HW_HI/HW_TW. All the results shown in the manuscript entitled "Substantial increase in heavy precipitation events preceded by moist heatwaves over China during 1961–2019", are obtained based on this processed dataset.