This dataset comprises the raw data and R Script for the following published article: Schoderer, M., & Ott, M. (2022). Contested water-and miningscapes–Explaining the high intensity of water and mining conflicts in a meta-study. World Development, 154, 105888. The article seeks to better understand the dynamics of mining and water conflicts, specifically under which (combinations of) conditions environmental defenders step outside the legal framework in their contestation of mining projects, according to existing case study-based research. More information on the methodology is available in the paper. The file Water and mining conflicts full dataset includes the qualitative information extracted from published articles, the scoring scheme and the normalized scores used in the R analysis. The R Script QCA_Preventive water and mining conflicts describes the fuzzy-set, two-step Qualitative Comparative Analysis conduct to understand under which conditions environmental defenders choose non-legal means in conflicts that occur in the planning or licensing stage of a mining project The CSV file Normalized scores_preventive is the raw data used in the R Script QCA_Preventive water and mining conflicts The R Script QCA_Reactive water and mining conflicts describes the fuzzy-set, two-step Qualitative Comparative Analysis conduct to understand under which conditions environmental defenders choose non-legal means in conflicts that occur when the mining project is already in operation The CSV file Normalized scores_reactive is the raw data used in the R Script QCA_Reactive water and mining conflicts