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Investissement direct étranger et réduction de la pauvreté : Essai d'élaboration d'une revue de la littérature

Authors: Moujahid Mustapha; Khariss Mohammed;

Investissement direct étranger et réduction de la pauvreté : Essai d'élaboration d'une revue de la littérature

Abstract

Pour beaucoup de pays en développement, en particulier ceux souffrant d'un déficit de croissance structurel, l'investissement direct étranger (IDE) est actuellement considéré comme un moyen de croissance et de développement économique. L'IDE peut avoir des retombées positives sur l'économie d'accueil en termes de la contribution à la croissance du PIB, le transfert de technologies, l'amélioration du capital humain, la stimulation de l'investissement domestique, la promotion des exportations et autres retombées. En effet, tous ces éléments sont de nature à jouer en faveur de la réduction de la pauvreté et l'amélioration du bien-être des populations des pays d'accueil. L’objectif de ce travail est de tenter de réexaminer la littérature théorique et empirique relative au débat sur la question du rôle de l'IDE à la réduction de la pauvreté dans les PED. Dans le cadre d’une approche libérale, nous allons procéder d'une part, à une exploration théorique des liens et des mécanismes de transmission entre l'IDE et la réduction de la pauvreté et d'autre part, à élaborer une revue des études empiriques effectuées pour évaluer l'effet de l'IDE sur la réduction de la pauvreté et l'amélioration du bien-être dans les économies hôtes. Les résultats de notre analyse indiquent l’existence d’un lien positif entre l’entrée des IDE et la réduction de la pauvreté via la stimulation des facteurs déterminants de la croissance économique.

As regards several developing countries, particularly those which face the deficit of structural growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) is currently considered as a means of economic growth and development. FDI may bring positive benefits to the host economy in terms of the contribution to the growth of GDP, technology transfer, the enhancement of the human capital, the stimulation of domestic investment, and the promotion of exports, to name but a few. In fact, all these elements, as it were, work in favor of decreasing poverty and improving the welfare of the population of the host countries. The aim of this work is to endeavor to reexamine the theoretical and empirical literature related to the debate of the role of FDI to decrease poverty in developing countries. Within the frame of a liberal approach, we are going to proceed with a theoretical exploration of the links and mechanisms of transmission between FDI and the decrease of poverty on the one hand, and the elaboration of a review of empirical studies conducted to assess the effect of FDI on lowering poverty and the improvement of welfare in the host countries, on the other hand. Our results analysis displays that there is a positive link between FDI and the decrease of poverty via the stimulation of the determining factors of economic growth.

Keywords

Croissance économique, IDE, Pauvreté, Transfert de technologie, Salaire, Emploi

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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