The dataset includes test results of road cores and samples gathered from the same locations after milling of asphalt pavement. Milling machine parameters, including moving speed, milling depth, and drum rotational speed were intentionally varied during milling. Results from four jobsites are included in the dataset. The results include binder content, penetration, softening point, coarse and fine aggregate flow coefficients, gradation of RAP, gradation of extracted RAP aggregates, as well as the calculated chunk, breakdown, and filler increase indexes. These three indexes were used to quantitatively characterize the milling operations.