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Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con emponzoñamiento por ofidios en el Hospital José María Velasco Ibarra, Ecuador

Authors: Vargas, Henry Llerena; Carrasco, Alex Morales; Carrasco, Ángel Morales; Jiménez, Samuel Iñiguez; Ortiz, Alex Durazno; Mora, Rosa Monar; Alvarado, Silvia Sánchez; +4 Authors

Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con emponzoñamiento por ofidios en el Hospital José María Velasco Ibarra, Ecuador

Abstract

Introducción: El ofidismo es una entidad clínica frecuente en el Ecuador, por ello el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con emponzoñamiento por ofidios en el Hospital José María Velasco Ibarra, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo y descriptivo en el cual participaron 27 pacientes que ingresaron con diagnóstico de emponzoñamiento ofídico al servicio de emergencia del mencionado hospital durante el periodo comprendido entre marzo a agosto de 2020. Se analizaron los datos clínicos de las historias que se encuentran en el departamento de registros médicos. Resultados: De los 27 pacientes evaluados, el 55,6% (n=15) fueron del sexo masculino, el porcentaje fue mayor en los sujetos con >30 años (59,3%; n=16), de etnia indígena (77,8%; n=21), y de ocupación agricultor (48,1%; n=13). Las ubicaciones más frecuentes de la herida fueron en el pie (51,8%; n=14), y la mano (37%; n=10). Solo 11,1% (n=3) presentó antecedente de diabetes mellitus, el 59,3% (n=15) estuvo hospitalizado 5 días o menos y la mayoría utilizó 8 frascos de suero antiofídico. Conclusión: Los emponzoñamientos ofídicos son una causa importante de morbilidad en nuestra región, siendo la población mayormente expuesta aquellos que se dedican a las actividades agrícolas, mayores de 30 años y del sexo masculino.

Introduction: Ophidism is a frequent clinical entity in Ecua-dor, therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with poisoning by ophidians at the Hospital José Maria Velasco Ibarra, Ecuador. Materials and methods: A retrospective and descriptive observational study was carried out in which 27 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of ophidian poisoning to the emergency service of the aforementioned hospital during the period between March and August 2020. We used the clinical data of the his-tories found in the medical records department. Results: Of the 27 patients evaluated, 55.6% (n=15) were male, the percentage was higher in subjects >30 years old (59.3%; n=16), of indigenous ethnicity (77.8%; n=21), and farmer occupation (48.1%; n=13). The most frequent location of the wound was the foot (51.8%; n=14), followed by the hand (37%; n=10). Only 11.1% (n=3) had a history of diabetes mellitus, 59.3% (n=15) were hospitalized for 5 days or less, and the major-ity used 8 vials of antivenom serum. Conclusion: Ophidic poisoning is an important cause of morbidity in our region, being the most exposed population those who engaged in agricultural activities, over 30 years old, and male. © 2021, Venezuelan Society of Pharmacology and Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacology. All rights reserved.

Keywords

ofidismo,, ofidismo, emponzoñamiento, accident, emponzoñamiento,, epidemiología,, poisoning, accidente, ofidios,, ophidism, ofidios, Scopus, epidemiology, ophidians, epidemiología

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