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Crafts in Shkodra on the Eve of the Ottoman Period (14th – 15th Centuries)

Authors: Baze, Ermal;

Crafts in Shkodra on the Eve of the Ottoman Period (14th – 15th Centuries)

Abstract

Bu çalışma, bir Orta Çağ şehri olan İşkodra’nın zirai ekonomi içerisinde toplumun yiyecek ve giyecek ihtiyaçlarını gidermeye dönük üretim yapan temel zanaat kollarına odaklanmakta ve bunların Osmanlı dönemi arifesindeki gelişimini incelemektedir. İşkodra’daki 14. ve 15. yüzyıllara ait zanaatları analiz etmek için nizamnameler ve 1416-1417 tarihli kadastro arazi sayımı ve imtiyaz kayıtları, kullanılabilecek ana kaynaklar olarak zikredilebilir. Şehrin idaresine, günlük yaşama, şehir sakinleri arasındaki münasebetlere, halk ve yönetici sınıf ilişkilerine dair çeşitli bilgiler bulabileceğimiz bu kaynaklar, zanaat kolları ile bu kolların örgütlenme ve işleyişleri hakkında da değerli veriler içermektedir. Söz konusu kaynaklar, şehirdeki zanaat kollarının faaliyetlerine ve yerine getirmekle mükellef oldukları yükümlülüklere değinirken, idarenin bu gruplara tanıdığı kanuni haklara, sağladığı destek ve kısıtlamalara ilişkin de önemli bilgiler sunmakta, İşkodra’daki zanaat kollarına dair genel bir çerçeve çıkarmaya imkân tanımaktadır. Makalede bu iki kaynağa dayalı olarak İşkodra’nın 15. yüzyıldaki zanaat dallarına ve bu mesleklerin üretimlerine dair genel bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır.

This paper investigates the development of the main crafts meeting the social needs for food and clothing in the agrarian economy of Shkodra on the eve of the final Ottoman takeover in 1467. It focuces on two archival documents to analyze the development of crafts in the city: the Statutes of Shkodra and the Registry of Cadastre and Concessions for the district of Shkodra (1416-1417). These sources demonstrate the municipal administration of the city and summarize the normative acts of regulating crafts organization and functioning of daily life, relations between citizens, the population and the ruling class, and between the city and its surroundings. So, they provide considerable information and a framework of crafts by presenting the conditions and obligations that artisans should fulfill in their activity and the guarantee and legal protection offered by the municipalities. Thus, this paper tries to contextualize the forms of production and the means of occupation in the fifteenth-century Shkodra by departing from these two sources.

Keywords

crafts, civic municipality, statutes, workshops, guilds, crafts;civic municipality;statutes;workshops;guilds, Zanaatlar;Belediye;Nizamnameler;Esnaf;Lonca

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