This database containing 757 color fundus images that were acquired at the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay. The acquisition of retinal images was done taking into account a clinical procedure. The acquisition of the retinographies was made through the Visucam 500 camera of the Zeiss brand. Expert ophthalmologists have classified the dataset. These data can help doctors and researchers in the detection of cases of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR), in their different stages. The classification of fundus images have been done in 7 categories: 1. No DR signs (187 images), 2. Mild (or early) NPDR (4 images), 3. Moderate NPDR (80 images), 4. Severe NPDR (176 images), 5. Very Severe NPDR (108 images), 6. PDR (88 images) and 7. Advanced PDR (114 images). If you use the dataset, please cite the paper: V. E. Castillo Benítez, I. Castro Matto, J. C. Mello Román, J. L. Vázquez Noguera, M. García-Torres, J. Ayala, D. P. Pinto-Roa, P. E. Gardel-Sotomayor, J. Facon, and S. A. Grillo, Dataset from fundus images for the study of diabetic retinopathy, Data in Brief, vol. 36, p. 107068, Jun. 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107068