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Densification of amorphous calcium phosphate using principles of the cold sintering process

Authors: Rubenis, Kristaps; Zemjane, Signe; Vecstaudza, Jana; Bitenieks, Juris; Locs, Janis;

Densification of amorphous calcium phosphate using principles of the cold sintering process

Abstract

Despite considerable interest in amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) bioceramics, it remains a challenge to sinter ACP to high relative density. Here, for sintering of ACP, we used principles of the so-called cold sintering process. We investigated the effect of sintering temperature (room temperature, 100, 120 and 150 ◦C) and presence or absence of transient liquid (20 wt. % water), while holding the pressure applied at 500 MPa, on densification and structure of ACP. Relative density of the samples that were produced from the dry starting powder at room temperature (the samples retained ACP structure) already reached 76.3 (±2.1) %. Neither increased sintering temperature nor the presence of transient liquid significantly affected bulk, true and the resulting relative density values of the samples that retained ACP structure. Our findings indicate that by applying moderate uniaxial pressure, ACP can be sintered to relatively high relative density already at room temperature.

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Keywords

Bioceramics, Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, Amorphous calcium phosphate, Cold sintering process, Relative density, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, MAG: Materials science, MAG: Sintering, MAG: Uniaxial pressure, MAG: Chemical engineering, MAG: Relative density, MAG: Amorphous calcium phosphate

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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