This dataset is the raw data for the article titled "density dependence underpins decoupling of livestock population and plant biomass in intensive grazing systems". This paper is accepted by Ecological Applications on May 15, 2021. The corresponding author is Ang Li, an ecologist in the Institute of Botany, China Academy of Sciences. The Email of Ang Li is lyons@ibcas.ac.cn; lyonsu47@gmail.com. After finished this study, we have founded by the China Academy of Sciences to collect the nomadic livestock data for all the China rangeland area. We will finish the project in 2025. Then, we will update this dataset, if we get the permission of China government. Data description can be found in the method section of the article. Table head means: local : The sumu (three village) name in Chinese. No.: The sumu id in this study. Year: The data year from 1961-2005. Nt: The population number in the t year. Nt-1: The population in the t-1 year. Mort: Mortality of sheep population in the t year. Br: Brith rate of sheep population in the t year. Area: The area of the given sumu. Wi: Winter harshness index of t year. Gr: Growth rate of sheep population in the t year. Den: Sheep density in the t year. Morts: Standardized mortality of sheep population in the t year. Brs: Standardized birthrate of sheep population in the t year. Grs: Standardized growth rate of sheep population in the t year. Dens: Standardized population density of sheep in the t year.