The modern capitalist world-system, developing under the auspices of neoliberal economic policy, generates many contradictions in the context of the modern development of the planetary society. In particular: it does not offer a solution to the problem of poverty, contributes to the increase in income inequality and well-being of the population, does not provide a living wage for billions of workers, does not provide the necessary number of jobs in the era of increasing automation of production, does not fully provide social protection for the population, exploits the environment and natural resources, focuses only on GDP growth, allows the privileged class to ignore the economic interests of the majority of the world's population. In view of the above, modern economic programs and practices need to be restructured and innovative elements introduced, which in turn leads many researchers to turn to alternative (unorthodox) economic approaches. The theorists of libertarian socialism in the form of anarcho-syndicalism made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of alternative concepts.