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La responsabilité pénale des sociétés commerciales

Authors: Ghizlane FERRASSI;

La responsabilité pénale des sociétés commerciales

Abstract

Résumé A l’exception de l’Etat, les personnes morales sont reconnues comme des auteurs, ou complices des infractions commises, pour leur compte, par leurs organes ou représentants. Si le code pénal a prévu le principe de la responsabilité pénale des personnes morales par les dispositions de l’article 127, la législation commerciale reste dominée par une conception individuelle de cette responsabilité. De surplus, certaines législations spéciales applicables aux sociétés commerciales prévoient une conception particulière de la responsabilité pénale de la personne morale, qui risque de constituer une sorte d’exclusion implicite de responsabilité pénale consacrée par le code pénal. L’appréhension de la responsabilité pénale des sociétés commerciales s’impose du fait de la globalisation de l’économie et des effets indus : criminalité collective. Toutefois, la doctrine marocaine est loin d’être unanime sur la recevabilité de la responsabilité pénale des sociétés. Si certains auteurs ont accepté une telle responsabilité, d’autres la considèrent comme une sorte de « sadisme pénal ». La question de la mise en œuvre de la responsabilité pénale des sociétés commerciales paraît simple. Or, l’absence de conditions légales de la mise en œuvre de cette responsabilité rend la tâche plus délicate devant l’ambigüité des notions de représentant, de l’organe et de dirigeant de fait auquel la loi n’apporte aucune définition. De même, la doctrine n’est pas unanime sur la capacité pénale de la société commerciale. C’est au juge d’apprécier la mise en œuvre de cette responsabilité In fine, la nécessité d’adapter le droit pénal à la réalité des sociétés commerciales, devient une impérative. Faudrait-il donc prévoir une disposition spéciale aux sociétés relative à la responsabilité pénale, tout en maintenant le principe général énoncé par les dispositions de l’article 127, avec des modalités de mise en œuvre incluses dans les textes juridiques spéciaux relatifs aux sociétés, ou bien regrouper l’arsenal juridique la régissant dans un code pénal intégré ? Criminal liability of commercial companies Abstract With the exception of the State, legal entity are recognized as authors, or partner in crime, in offenses committed, on their behalf, by their organs or representatives. If the penal code had provided the penal liability of legal entity by the provisions of the article 127, the commercial law remains dominated by an individual conception of the criminal liability. In addition, some special legislations that are applicable on commercial companies includes a particular conception of the legal entity’s criminal reliability, that risks creating a kind of implicit criminal reliability established by the penal code. The apprehension of the commercial companies’ criminal reliability is imposed through the globalization of the economy and industrial effects: collective crime. But the Moroccan Doctrine is far from being unanimous on the admissibility of the companies’ criminal reliability. If some perpetrators have accepted such responsibility, others consider it as sort of « Criminal Sadism ». The question of implementing commercial companies’ criminal reliability seems simple. However, the absence of the implementation’s legal laws regarding this liability makes the task more delicate because of the ambiguities surrounding the notions of representative of the authority and the executive, in fact to which the law does not provide any definition. Likewise, the Doctrine is not intact on the criminal capacity of a commercial company. It is in the hands of the Judge to assess the implementation of this liability. Ultimately, the need to adapt penal law to the reality of commercial companies becomes a necessity. Should it be we therefore a special provision in regard to companies related to the criminal liability, while maintaining the main principle stated by the dispositions of the article 127, with terms of implementation included in the special legal documents related to companies, or else assembling them in the legal arsenal to govern it in an integrated penal code?

Keywords

Criminal liability, legal persons, criminal law, commercial companies., Responsabilité pénale, personnes morales, droit pénal, sociétés commerciales.

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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