Key to Hawaiian leaf mining moths including Philodoria 1. Tentiform mine.................................................................................................... Cremastobombycia lantanella Busck ¶ (Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae), all Hawaii islands, host: Lantana spp. - Short, tortuous linear, spiral mine, about ~ 30 mm length...................................................... 2 - Long (tortuous) linear or blotch mine..................................................................... 3 2. Mature larva (3rd~ instar) is external feeding, nibbling the leaf tissue and skeletonizing it.. Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck ¶ (Bucculatricidae), Oahu, host: Gossypium tomentosum (endemic Hawaiian cotton). - Mature larva is leaf-mining, and mines leaf tissue forming several blotch mine............................................ Bedellia Stainton (Bedelliidae), all Hawaiian Islands, host: Convolvulaceae, Liliaceae, Poaceae, Urticaceae. Hawaiian Bedellia include many unnamed species ¶. 3. First instar larva is sap-feeding, forming whitish linear mine................................................... 4 - Larva tissue-feeding, forming linear or serpentine to blotch mines; cocoon usually situated outside of mine......................................................................... Philodoria Walsingham (Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) 4. Cocoon situated outside of mine, usually on surface of leaf.................................................... 5 - Cocoon situated within end of mine, larvae mining leaves of Rutaceae (Citrus spp.)................................................................................... Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae) 5. Late instar larva tissue feeding, cones created by rolling leaf.................................... Caloptilia H̹bner ¶ - On Diospyros hillebrandii and D. sandwicensis (Ebenaceae), Oahu.................... C. mabaella (Swezey) (Fig. 73D) - On Myrica faya (Myricaceae), Hawaii (Big Island)............... Caloptilia sp. nr. schinella † (= coruscans (Walsingham)) - Late instar larva tissue feeder in blotch mine elongated along the leaf edge; the leaf edge at the blotch is narrowly folded down; on Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae), Oahu.................................................... Ketapangia sp. * This key, where only mines and/or cocoons have been examined, but not larvae or adults, can serve only as a partial aid to determination. ¶ Zimmerman (1978a); † Markin (2002); Perreira and Yee (2016) §.

Published as part of Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4944 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4681813