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Resumen: La tradición original del mariachi se conformó en el noroccidente de la Nueva España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y su región se extendía por la costa pacífica desde San Francisco, en la Alta California, hasta Oaxaca. A principios del siglo XX tuvo lugar la primera apropiación simbólica de esta macrotradición por parte del estado de Jalisco y, tras la Revolución mexicana, en 1925 la segunda y definitiva. A partir de grupos residentes en la ciudad de México se conformó el nuevo mariachi, propiciado por la política nacionalista del periodo cardenista y bajo la égida de la tríada de los medios de comunicación masiva: compañías radiofónicas, disqueras y cinematográficas. El nuevo estilo mariachi, diseñado en la capital del país, se difundió como “jalisciense” y, asociado a los charros cantores – ídolos de la canción ranchera–, se convirtió en el símbolo musical de México. El mariachi moderno, entre cuyas características destacan el traje de charro (código visual) y la trompeta (código sonoro), se extendió por las regiones hispanas de los Estados Unidos y por América Latina. A principios del siglo XXI también se ha arraigado en Europa y Asia. El año pasado el Mariachi Mujer 2000 tocó durante la inauguración de los XXIX Juegos Olímpicos en Pekín y este año el Mariachi Los Camperos de Nati Cano participó en la Gala Latina con motivo de la asunción del primer presidente afroamericano de los Estados Unidos. Abstract: The original mariachi tradition was confined to the northwest of the Viceroyalty of New Spain during the second half of the 18 th century. Its area extended along the Pacific Coast from Oaxaca to San Francisco in upper California. In the early 20 th century, the first symbolic appropriation of this micro-tradition occurred when it was adopted in the state of Jalisco. The second and definitive appropriation took place in 1925 after the Mexican Revolution. Thanks to groups resident in Mexico City, a new mariachi, promoted by the nationalistic politics of the Cardenas period, was born under the aegis of the triad of mass media: the radio broadcasting, record and film industries. The new mariachi style created in the nation’s capital was represented as “from Jalisco.” Associated with cowboy singers – the idols of the ranch song genre – it became the musical symbol of Mexico. Modern mariachi, with its characteristic cowboy costume (visual code) and trumpet (oral code), extended throughout the Hispanic regions of the United States and Latin America. In the early 21st century, it has also taken root in Europe and Asia. Last year, Miss Mariachi 2000 performed during the inauguration of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing and this year, Nati Cano’s group “Mariachi Los Camperos” participated in the Latin Gala held upon the inauguration of the first African-american president of the United States.
Mexican nationalism, Mariachi, nacionalismo mexicano, national identity, mariachero, bolero ranchero, identidad nacional
Mexican nationalism, Mariachi, nacionalismo mexicano, national identity, mariachero, bolero ranchero, identidad nacional
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