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Cerámica de El Ocote (Aguascalientes, México): sobre la relación entre la estimación de la arqueointensidad geomagnética y el color

Authors: Rafael García-Ruiz; Juan Morales; Miguel Cervantes-Solano; Avto Goguitchaichvili; Ana Pelz-Marín; Rubén Cejudo; Francisco Bautista;

Cerámica de El Ocote (Aguascalientes, México): sobre la relación entre la estimación de la arqueointensidad geomagnética y el color

Abstract

El Ocote es un sitio arqueológico que se localiza en el Estado de Aguascalientes, dentro de la parte alta del Cerro de los Tecuanes. Gracias a recientes trabajos de investigación por parte del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), se han encontrado diversos vestigios culturales pertenecientes a grupos sedentarios del Epiclásico (650-900 d. C.) anteriores a los chichimecas, quienes practicaban la agricultura, la caza, la pesca y la alfarería. Dichos grupos desarrollaron diversos artefactos, como vasijas, figurillas y cajetes de uso común o ceremonial, los cuales tienen rasgos diversos y pigmentaciones con colores como Rojo/Crema, Crema, Rojo/Bayo, Naranja Pulido, Rojo Pulido, Café Pulido, Rojo, Café/Bayo Pulido y Negro. Dichas cerámicas han sido poco estudiadas y son objeto del presente estudio arqueomagnético para determinar los minerales que las componen mediante experimentos de magnetismo de rocas, su intensidad arqueomagnética, así como su color por ambos lados para conseguir un criterio de selección del color en la obtención de la intensidad, además de estimar su edad a partir de las curvas de variación paleosecular de la intensidad. Dentro de las nueve muestras cerámicas estudiadas, se aceptaron seis debido a su estabilidad termomagnética, contando con una presencia predominante de titanomagnétitas en alto y bajo contenido de titanio. Fue posible determinar de manera exitosa cuatro intensidades y estimar sus edades asociadas, las cuales correspondieron al Epiclásico. Se encontraron correlaciones entre los parámetros de color con la coercitividad de remanencia, la magnetización de saturación y los cocientes derivados de las curvas de histéresis. ENGLISH: Pottery from El Ocote (Aguascalientes, Mexico): On the Relationship between the Estimation of Geomagnetic Archaeointensity and Color. El Ocote is an archaeological site located in the state of Aguascalientes, in the upper part of the Cerro de los Tecuanes. Thanks to recent research by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), several cultural remains have been found belonging to sedentary groups of the Epiclassic (650–900 AD) before the Chichimecs, who practiced agriculture, hunting, fishing and pottery. These groups developed diverse artifacts, such as vessels, figurines and bowls for common or ceremonial use, which have diverse features and pigmentations with colors such as Red/Cream, Cream, Red/Black, Polished Orange, Polished Red, Polished Brown, Red, Polished Brown/Black and Black. These ceramics have been little studied and are the object of the present archaeomagnetic study to determine their composite minerals by means of experiments investigating the magnetism of the rocks, their archaeomagnetic intensity, as well as their color on both sides to get a selection criterion for color in the attainment of the intensity, besides estimating their age from the paleosecular variation curves of the intensity. Among the nine ceramic samples studied, six were accepted due to their thermomagnetic stability, with a predominant presence of titanomagnetites with high and low titanium content. It was possible to successfully determine four intensities and estimate their associated ages, which corresponded to the Epiclassic. Correlations were found between color parameters with remanence coercivity, saturation magnetization and ratios derived from hysteresis curves.

Keywords

archaeomagnetism, Mesoamerica, pottery, El Ocote, Mexico, Archaeometry, Aguascalientes, color

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