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磁场与行星环境的演化 Evolution of the magnetic field and the planetary environment

磁场与行星环境的演化 Evolution of the magnetic field and the planetary environment

Abstract

行星的磁场会影响行星的环境演变,一颗具有较强磁场的行星,其磁场可以使这颗行星变成适宜生命的诞生的星球。然而磁场对行星具体产生作用的方式是什么?又是如何影响去行星环境的演变? 科学家在对火星的研究中,认为正是因为火星的磁场过于微弱,所以导致了火星不能有效的阻挡来自太阳粒子的辐射,使火星的环境遭到了毁灭性的破坏。 而行星之所以能够产生生命,自然是离不开液态水对行星生态的影响。而液态水则是由氢和氧构成的,而氢原子是由一个质子和一个电子组成,是一种相对较轻的粒子。质子和电子都是一种带电粒子,具有强磁场的行星,则会更容易俘获这类带电粒子。当这类粒子被俘获之后,就会和氧原子作用形成液态水,慢慢的就会影响生命的出现。 由于太阳形成的质量较大的粒子,相对来说生成的概率也相对较低,同样也不容易被释放到距离太阳较远的地方,而距离太阳较近的地方又很容易被太阳重新吞噬。所以距离太阳较近的行星,通常体积和质量都比较小,所以这类行星一般都很难形成一个较大的磁场。 由于没有较大的磁场,所以就非常难以俘获像质子这样的带电粒子。也就是这个原因,使得这些星球难以形成一个有水的环境。 当然还有另一个原因,就是距离太阳较近,温度也相应的会很高,过高的温度也不利于液态水的保存。高温会使液态水蒸发成水蒸气,而超强的太阳紫外线又会使水蒸气分解成氢原子和氧原子。两个氢原子最终可能生成一个氢气分子,由于氢气是宇宙中密度最小的气体,所以就会使得氢气相对来说更容易从行星中逃逸出去。

Keywords

行星磁场, 气态巨行星, 太阳, Gas giant planet, Charged particles, Alien life, 三元平衡系统, 行星自转, Mars, Earth, magnetic field, 地球, 火星, 外星生命, Planetary magnetic field, 木星, 带电粒子, star, Jupiter, 磁场, Law of ternary balance, Planetary rotation

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