Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. is an herb species distributed mainly in arid sandy lands of the South Central Coast of Vietnam, including Binh Thuan province. The existing Vietnamese folk remedies have mentioned the medicinal effects of this herb in the treatment of edema and diabetes. Documents available in Vietnam provided only basic information on the morphology of this species. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of stems, leaves and roots of the plants in the analysis of relation to climatic conditions of the region. Antibacterial activity was initially studied as a basis for subsequent pharmacological studies. The crude ethanolic extracts were tested for inhibitory against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the plants had formed the morpho-anatomical characteristics to adapt to strong wind, strong light, high temperature, and dry sandy soils of the region. The ability to inhibit the two mentioned bacteria via the diameters of the halo was 10.8 – 12.7 mm, respectively. The recommendation was to continue to study the anatomical characteristics of the primary roots to complete the data and further investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts of Tephrosia villosa.