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Resumen: La época clásica inventó en Francia un nuevo modo de gobernar a los pobres. Policía de los pobres fue el nombre institucional que dicho gobierno recibió en la España ilustrada. El presente artículo identifica y analiza los elementos que conformaron el saber gubernamental sobre los pobres que se articuló en relación con la policía de los pobres. Dicho saber si bien se forjó desde conocimientos policiales orientados a lograr la felicidad de la Monarquía, consideró también elementos religiosos. La doctrina de la caridad, en particular, sirvió no sólo como punto de rechazo, sino también como punto de apoyo esencial en la emergencia del saber gubernamental ilustrado sobre los pobres. Dicho saber tendrá por efecto no sólo reconfigurar los rostros de los pobres, sino también establecer como un deber del Estado darles lo que necesitaban para subsistir y trabajar. Abstract: During the Classical Age, a new way of governing the poor emerges in France. The police of the poor was the institutional name of such a government in Spain during the Enlightenment. This paper identifies and analyzes those elements that forged the new governmental knowledge about the poor connected to the police of the poor. Such a governmental knowledge based upon the science of the police, which aimed at achieving the happiness of the Monarchy. Nevertheless, it also took into account religious elements. The doctrine of charity, in particular, was not only a point of rejection, but also bequeathed some essential elements to the emerging governmental knowledge about the poor. Crucially, this new type of knowledge will not only specify the types of needy, but also establish that giving to them was a duty of the State.
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