Aims: the aim of the research is to look to the neurological and molecular mechanism of diabetic neuropathy and also suggesting a better way of management. Methods: Critical reviews of the relationship between hyperglycemia in diabetes with polyol pathway, hexose monophosphate shunt and de novo synthesis of sphingolipids and how this relationship could be involved in diabetic neuropathy. Results: The research gave rise to some factor causing diabetic neuropathy such as osmotic stress, oxidative stress , dymelination and are gotten from the method above. Conclusion: This research pointed out decrease NADPH available for de novo synthesis of sphingomyelin as result of increase consumption by polyol pathway and decrease production by hexose monophosphate shunt as the main factor responsible for diabetic neuropathy