Anatomical and spectral data of heartwood of Afzelia bipindensis and A. pachyloba. The spectra was measured by direct analysis in real-time (DART) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) of 50 trees of Afzelia bipindensis and 39 of A. pachyloba. Specimens from the xylarium collection of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Ashland, Oregon, USA. Mass spectra of the emitted wood compounds were acquired in positive ion mode over the mass range of m/z 60 to 1100. Poly(ethylene glycol) 600 (Ultra Scientific, Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA) was used as a mass calibration standard after every fifth sample. The DART source parameters settings were the same as described by Espinoza et al. IAWA J 36: 311–325 (2015) and Evans et al. IAWA J 38: 266-281 (2017). Xylem vessel tangential lumen diameter (µm) measured in transverse sections of wood of five trees of Afzelia bipindensis and five of A. pachyloba. Specimens from the xylarium of the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Belgium. Xylem ray height and width (µm) measured in tangential sections of wood of five trees of Afzelia bipindensis and five of A. pachyloba. Specimens from the xylarium of the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Belgium.