The article presents the history of Kishinev from its first stage of existence as a rural locality near a tatar campand to the fair in Lăpușna. A subject of clarification is the etymology of the toponym “Kishinev “. The first documentary records of the estate, then of the village, of the fair with the first economic and social mutations are reviewed. The central leadership of Moldova also contributed t the strengthening of Kishinev as an urban locality, especially during the reigns of Vasile Lupu and Eustatie Dabija. In 1677, Kishinev is also mentioned in Miron Costin’s work, “Polish Chronicle”, and in 1684, in “Polish Poem”, as a small town in the land of Lăpuşna. In the next historical stages, the administrative and economic status of Kishinev will gradually increase.