Three data sets are stored in this data submission. The first data set includes the temperature response of water-saturated compact Longmenshan limestone (L27) and porous Rajasthan sandstone (RJS) to changes in confining pressure under drained/undrained conditions. The second data set includes the thermal properties of rock-forming minerals and estimations of thermal characteristic time/distance. The third data set includes the internal temperature evolution of the water-saturated sample within 1 s after instantaneous loading in models M-01, M-02 and M03, in which the thermal properties of the solid grains are set to be that of gypsum, average values of the main rock-minerals and α-quartz, respectively.

This data set will be used in the following manuscript: Xiaoqiu Yang, Weiren Lin, Osamu Tadai, Xin Zeng, Junfeng Zhao, Hehua Xu. Theoretical and experimental analyses of temperature responses of water-saturated rocks to changes in confining pressure. Ready to submit to Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.