{"references": ["HAMANN, A., FABRI H.R. (2008) Transnational Networks and Constitutionalism. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 6(3\u20134), p. 484.", "BIGNAMI, F. (2010) Individual Rights and Transnational Networks. In: Rose-Ackerman, S., Lindseth P.L. (eds.), Comparative Administrative Law. Cheltenham\u2013Northampton: Edward Elgar, p. 636.", "CANANEA della G. (2004) The European Union's Mixed Administrative Proceedings. Law and Contemporary Problems, 68 (1), p. 215.", "Warning, M.J. (2009) Transnational Public Governance. Networks, Law and Legitimacy. Basingstoke\u2013 New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 23.", "Directive (EU) 2019/1 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, OJ L 11, 14.1.2019, pp. 3\u201333.", "DANIELSEN, O.A., YESILKAGUT, K. (2014) The Effects of European Regulatory Networks on the Bureaucratic Autonomy of National Regulatory Authorities. Public Organization Review, 14(3), p. 368.", "EBERLEIN, B. (2005) Policy Coordination without Centralization? Informal Network Governance in EU Single Market Regulation. In: Ehlermann, C.-D., Atanasiu, I. (eds.), European Competition Law Annual 2002. Constructing the EU Network of Competition Authorities. Oxford: Hart, p. 148.", "L\u00c6GREID, P., STENBY, O.CH. (2010) Europeanization and Transnational Networks. A Study of the Norwegian Competition Authority. Jerusalem Papers in Regulation & Governance, 25, p. 22.", "SHAPIRO, M. (2004) Deliberative, Independent Technocracy v. Democratic Politics. Will the Globe Echo the E.U. Law & Contemporary Problems, 68(3\u20134), p. 349.", "DANIELSEN, O.A., YESILKAGUT, K. (2014) The Effects of European Regulatory Networks on the Bureaucratic Autonomy of National Regulatory Authorities. Public Organization Review, 14(3), p. 367.", "Article 31 points 4 and 9 of the Polish Act on competition and consumer protection (the 'Competition Act'), 16 February 2007, Dz.U. 2019, item 369", "Pursuant to Article 29.1 of the Competition Act the Prime Minister exercises supervision over the activity of the Polish NCA.", "Article 29 recitals 3 and 30 of the Competition Act.", "Article 33 recitals 3 and 34 of the Competition Act.", "Article 33c of the Act on Government Administration Divisions, 4 September 1997, Dz.U. 2018, item 762.", "Article 8 of the Act on Control in Government Administration, 15 July 2011, Dz.U. 2011,No 185, item 1092.", "Article 229.8 of the Administrative Procedure Code, 14 June 1960, Dz.U, 2017, item 1257.", "Article 153.2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as amended, 2 April 1997, Dz.U. 1997, No 78, item 483.", "G\u00d3RALCZYK, W. jr (2016) Kierownictwo w prawie administracyjnym. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer, p. 115.", "HOFF, W. (2008) Prawny model organu regulacyjnego sektorowej, Warszawa: Difn, p. 194 et seq.", "UPERNAT, J. (2007) Koncepcja sieci organ\u00f3w administracji publicznej. In: Zimmermann, J. (ed.), Koncepcja systemu prawa administracyjnego. Zjazd Katedr Prawa Administracyjnego i Post\u0119powania Administracyjnego, Zakopane 24\u201327 wrze\u015bnia 2006, Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer, p. 215.", "Act on Counteracting unfair use of contractual advantage in agricultural and food products, 15 December 2016, Dz.U. 2017, item 67.", "HABUDA, A. (2004) Granice uznania administracyjnego, Opole: Ofcyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Opolskiej, p. 187.", "Act on the Ombudsman of 15 July 1987, Dz.U. 2017, item 958", "Act on the Supreme Audit Ofce of 23 December 1994, Dz.U. 2017, item 524", "TESAURO, G. (2005) The Relationship between National Competition Authorities and Their Respective Governments in the Context of the Modernisation Initiative. In: Ehlermann, C.-D., Atanasiu, I. (eds.), European Competition Law Annual 2002. Constructing the EU Network of Competition Authorities. Oxford: Hart, p. 272.", "WIDDERSHOVEN, R.J.G.M., CRAIG, P. (2017) Pertinent Issues of Judicial Accountability in EU Shared Enforcement. In: Scholten, M., Luchtman M, (eds.), Law Enforcement by EU Authorities. Implications for Political and Judicial Accountability. Cheltenham\u2013Northampton: Edward Elgar, p. 334 et seq.", "CSERES, K.J., OUTHUIJSE, A. (2017) Parallel Enforcement and Accountability. The Case of EU Competition Law. In: Scholten, M., Luchtman, M. (eds.), Law Enforcement by EU Authorities. Implications for Political and Judicial Accountability. Cheltenham\u2013Northampton: Edward Elgar, p. 113.", "Roquette Fr\u00e8res SA v. Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la concurrence, de la consommation et de la r\u00e9pression des frauds [2002] ECLI:EU:C:2002:603.", "T\u00dcRK, A.H. (2009) Judicial Review of Integrated Administration in the EU. In: Hofmann, H.C.H., T\u00fcrk, A.H. (eds.), Legal Challenges in EU Administrative Law. Cheltenham\u2013Northampton: Edward Elgar, p. 218.", "LAVRIJSSEN, S., HANCHER, L. (2003) Networks of Regulatory Agencies in Europe. In: Larouche, P., Cserne, P. (eds.), National Legal Systems and Globalization. New Role, Continuing Relevance, Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, p. 208.", "B\u0141ACHUCKI, M. (2016) Judicial Control of Guidelines on Antimonopoly Fines in Poland, Revista de Concorr\u00eancia e Regula\u00e7\u00e3o, 25, p. 53 et seq.", "ZWART, T. (2010) Would International Courts be Able to Fill the Accountability Gap at the Global Level?. In: Anthony, G., Auby, J.-B., Morison, J., Zwart, T. (eds.), Values in Global Administrative Law. Oxford: Hart, p. 213.", "DABBAH, M.H. (2010) International and Comparative Competition Law. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 129-130.", "SZYMANEK, J. (2004) Rola Senatu RP w wykonywaniu kontroli parlamentarnej (uwagi de lege lata i de lege ferenda). Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 1, p. 15 et seq.", "GWI\u017bD\u017b, A. (1975) Organizacja i zasady funkcjonowania. In: Burda, A. (ed.), Sejm Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej, Wroc\u0142aw\u2013Warszawa\u2013Krak\u00f3w\u2013Gda\u0144sk: Ossolineum, p. 307.", "ODROW\u0104\u017b-SYPNIEWSKI, W. (2008) Funkcja kontrolna Sejmu na tle zagadnienia rozdzia\u0142u w\u0142adzy publicznej i zasady nadrz\u0119dno\u015bci konstytucji. Przegl\u0105d Sejmowy, 3(86), pp. 14\u201315.", "Resolution of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland of 30 July 1992 \u2013 Regulations of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland, MP 2018, item 544.", "MOJAK, R. (2007) Parlament a rz\u0105d w ustroju Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS, p. 428.", "JUCHNIEWICZ, J. (2013) Instrumenty realizacji funkcji kontrolnej Sejmu \u2013 pr\u00f3ba oceny skuteczno\u015bci. Przegl\u0105d Prawa Konstytucyjnego, 1(13), p. 32.", "CASINI, L. (2012) Domestic Public Authorities within Global Networks: Institutional and Procedural Design, Accountability, and Review. In: Pauwelyn, J., Wessel, R.A., Wouters, J. (eds.), Informal International Lawmaking, Oxford: OUP, p. 408.", "BERMAN, A. (2012) The Role of Domestic Administrative Law in the Accountability of Transnational Regulatory Networks. The Case of the ICH. IRPA Working Paper, 1, p. 26."]}

This unit was published in „International Cooperation of Competition Authorities in Europe: from Bilateral Agreements to Transgovernmental Networks” Błachucki, M., ed., (2020). In recent years, there has been growing international cooperation between national competition authorities (NCAs). This takes various forms – from bilateral cooperation to establishing transnational competition networks. At the same time, this process has not been accompanied by the development of supervisory mechanisms. The article seeks to review the national control mechanisms that may be used to supervise international cooperation between NCAs. They are based on the Polish example and presented in a comprehensive way in order to capture all possible forms of control, such as hierarchical administrative control, control exercised by an ombudsman, a public prosecutor, specialised supervisory administrative authorities and the European Commission, covering judicial (both national and European) supervision, parliamentary and social control. The article supports the view that proper mechanisms of control over the activity of specialised and often independent administration authorities (such as NCAs) are crucial for their accountability. Such mechanisms are also beneficial for the accountability of transnational competition networks.