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Explorando el vínculo clínico-epidemiológico entre el cáncer y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Authors: Espinoza Diaz, Cristóbal Ignacio Espinoza Diaz; Morales Carrasco, Alex Patricio; Valle Proaño, Christian Andrés; Silva Jara, David Alejandro; Saavedra Verduga, David Josué; Rodríguez Aveiga, Rafael Antonio;

Explorando el vínculo clínico-epidemiológico entre el cáncer y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Tanto la diabetes mellitus (DM) como el cáncer son enfermedades altamente prevalentes, cuya prominencia se encuentra en ascenso a nivel mundial. En la actualidad, se estima que más de 500 millones de personas tienen DM globalmente, con una prevalencia aproximada de 8,5% en la población adulta. Por otro lado, la incidencia del cáncer se ha elevado considerablemente en años recientes, actualmente estimada en 18,1 millones de casos nuevos anualmente. En la actualidad, se sabe que estas patologías co-ocurren con mayor frecuencia que la que podría esperar por azar, incluso tras ajustar las poblaciones en relación a la edad; donde aproximadamente 8-18% de los pacientes con cáncer tienen un diagnóstico adicional de DM. Más allá de esto, numerosos estudios han descrito correlaciones lineales entre la glicemia en ayuno y el riesgo de cáncer, incluso independientemente del diagnóstico de DM. Por otro lado, la DM guarda una relación particular con cada tipo específico de cáncer; y parece ser especialmente estrecha para el cáncer de colon y recto, hígado, páncreas y endometrio. Los distintos tipos de DM también parecen mostrar patrones epidemiológicos variantes para los tipos específicos de cáncer. Se han propuesto varios mecanismos fisiopatológicos subyacentes al vínculo entre el cáncer y la DM, entre los cuales destacan fundamentalmente la hiperglicemia, la hiperinsulinemia y la inflamación crónica. Cada uno de estos parece poder promover distintos procesos patológicos carcinogénicos de manera independiente. En esta revisión se discuten los conocimientos actuales sobre el vínculo entre la DM y el cáncer, tanto en el campo epidemiológico como fisiopatológico

Keywords

diabetes mellitus, cáncer, hiperinsulinemia, hiperglicemia.

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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