The impairment of the ability to drive cars and use machines and mechanisms under the influence of alcohol, illicit psychotropic substances or of prescription drugs or self-medication, presents a rather important and complex problem. Annually, as a result of road accidents, globally, over 1.2 million people lose their lives, and around 50 million suffer traumas of varying degrees. There are not enough data available on the influence and impact of drugs on driving vehicles, although this issue has been given increasing attention in recent decades. International studies on the effects of psychoactive substances on driving ability suggest that, while both illegal drugs and drugs can affect driving, their effects and magnitude can vary greatly from substance to substance and require careful research. The purpose of this publication is to inform the public about the impact of driving under the influence of medicines and to elaborate recommendations for updating the national legislation in the field of medicines, meant to sensitize and discipline the participants in the traffic.