Abstract Introduction: Poor adherence to treatment in chronic illnesses is a global problem and it’s human, clinical and economic consequences is increasing around the world. Methods: This study aims to construct of the conceptualtheoretical structure which to explains the interaction of environmental stimuli, the coping mechanisms and adaptation modes responses that influence the adherence to treatment in heart failure patient. Results: We used the three steps of Fawcett’s theoretical derivation method, we illustrate the links between the concepts of Roy adaptation model, the concepts and assumptions of the treatment adherence model in patient with heart failure. Conclusions: It is expected that the results of this study, based on Roy adaptation model, describes adherence behaviors to treatment regimen in patients with heart failure and provide certain strategies and assessment criteria for facilitating adherence to treatment in those patients, and it also could have results for future studies, so that relations between variables are tested and nursing interventions to improve adherence to treatment will be developed and tested.