Mopan Maya is a language in which pragmatic factors play a significant role in referential anchoring. Its article occurs in both definite and indefinite contexts, and so do bare nominals. We discuss several forms that assist with referential anchoring, using Dryer’s (2014) reference hierarchy as an organizing framework, but none of these forms is obligatory for any of the functions in the hierarchy. Rather than explicitly encoding, e. g., definiteness or specificity, their employment is sensitive to factors such as discourse salience.