Globalization and education are two distinct, multidimensional, interconnected and interdependent social phenomena. It is impossible to imagine a social life without digital technologies. Development of the scientific question regarding the specific features of the societal challenges caused by globalization and education in conditions of digitalization (Big Data, Metadata, etc.) requires an appeal to methodological issues of educational sociology. Sociology is the science concerned with the study of social phenomena. In this paper, the authors aimed to identify and analyze the societal challenges of globalization and education in situation of digitalization and argue the importance of the sociology of education as an effective conceptual tool, able to contribute to solving the problems caused by societal challenges. The research methodology focused on the metasystemic investigation of the specific features of societal challenges, is based on updated data provided by Wordometers, prioritizing deadlocks and paradoxes of globalization of education, and the dynamic description of empirical data.