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The article substantiates the economic security phenomenon as a polystructural system and defines the basic properties and isolation of modern economic security models. It is proved that an important condition for choosing a model of economic security is the type of socio-economic system that develops in a society, depending on which several conceptual models of economic security are distinguished. Based on the systematic approach and the study of the hierarchical structure of the economic security system, its main features are defined: integrity and divisibility; emergence; synergy between the international economic security system components (components); interconnection and interdependence of components; purposefulness; constancy and instability; hierarchy and polystructure; openness; complementarity; institutional certainty.