These files are data used in the paper "One Drought and One Volcanic Eruption Influenced the History of China: The late Ming Dynasty Mega-drought", which is published on the Geophysical Research Letters (GRL). These data are simulations from volcanic sensitivity experiments performed by us based on the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The compressed file "data-GRL.zip" is comprised of 7 sub-files containing variables of precipitation (prect), sea surface temperature (sst), sea level pressure (slp), surface temperature (ts), u and v wind (uv), soil moisture (soil) and Geopotential height (z3), respectively. In each sub-file, there are 15 datasets starting with the abbreviation of variables. These datasets are simulated results of the 15 volcanic sensitivity experiments, respectively (In the file of "prect", there are additionally 15 datasets simulated from ctrl experiments which are corresponded with the sensitivity simulations). Each of the datasets has a 21 years' length with volcanic eruptions taking place in the middle year (the 11th year). On account of this, each sub-file contains a dataset named "climatology.nc", which reflects the long-term changes of each variable.