This report summarises the findings of a landscape and situation analysis of trends in the research and scholarly communication landscape in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). The landscape analysis considers three levels of analysis: • Firstly, it seeks to identify global megatrends relevant to research and international development. • Then, it narrows the focus to key trends in research in and for LMICs. • Finally it identifies the key trends in scholarly communication. At each level of this analysis, the study identifies political, economic, social and technological trends using a simplified version of the PESTLE conceptual framework. The report and other outputs were prepared by Research Consulting for Research4Life, a public-private partnership which provides low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) with access to academic literature, to inform the initiative’s strategic direction. More on Research4Life can be found here: https://www.research4life.org/