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Aproximación a la importancia del biofilm en las heridas crónicas. Revisión bibliográfica

Authors: Temprano-Andrés, Sara Araceli; Martínez-Antón, Silvia;

Aproximación a la importancia del biofilm en las heridas crónicas. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Objetivo: Profundizar en la influencia del biofilm en las lesiones crónicas, conocer los métodos disponibles para su diagnóstico y analizar las opciones de tratamiento existentes. Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de artículos originales, guías de actuación, protocolos y recomendaciones en inglés, francés y español empleando fuentes de información secundarias. Se acotó la fecha de publicación a los últimos 10 años para obtener información actualizada, incluyéndose algunas referencias más antiguas dada su relevancia. Resultados: El biofilm o biopelícula es una forma de crecimiento de los microorganismos (generalmente bacterias) determinada por agruparse éstos en forma de colonias y excretar una matriz de exopolisacáridos que confiere a la biopelícula una resistencia aumentada contra los tratamientos antimicrobianos y frente a las defensas del hospedador. La presencia del biofilm en las heridas provoca un incremento del tiempo de curación, contribuyendo a su cronicidad. Conclusiones: El manejo de las heridas crónicas con biofilm es un desafío para los profesionales de la salud, ya que si los cuidados no son los adecuados se puede ralentizar aún más el periodo de cicatrización de la herida generándose en el lecho lesional un estado inflamatorio crónico. Pese a que se han incrementado los estudios acerca del manejo del biofilm, continúa existiendo exiguo consenso sobre herramientas para su diagnóstico y estrategias que contribuyan a su eliminación. [APPROACH TO THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOFILM IN CHRONIC WOUNDS. LITERATURE REVIEW] Objective: To go in depth in the biofilm influence above chronic wounds, to know diagnostic methods and to analyses different treatment options. Methodology: A bibliographic review has been developed based on original articles, handbooks, protocols and recommendations in English, Spanish and French, using secondary information sources. The date of publication was restricted to the last 10 years in order to obtain updated information, including some older references due to their relevance. Results: Biofilm is a growth form of microorganisms (bacterias usually) in which these come together forming colonies. Furthermore, microorganisms excrete an exo-polysaccharide matrix that bestow biofilm an increased resistance against antimicrobials and against host defences. Biofilm in wounds causes a rise in healing time, contributing on injuries chronicity. Conclusions: The management of chronic wounds colonized by biofilm constitutes a challenge for health professionals, because if the care is not adequate it can further slowdown the healing period and generate a chronic inflammatory state in the wound bed. Despite biofilm studies has increased, there is paltry consensus about diagnosis and management strategies.

Keywords

Injuries, Biofilms, Diagnosis, Wounds, Therapy

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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