Tabular dataset of behavioral data in the hidden state foraging task. The data is stored as a unique table, with one row per "attempt", i.e. a poke for mice and a tap for humans. The table includes four distinct experiments, encoded in the Experiment column. Experiment "Learning" refers to Fig. 2, experiment "VaryingParameters" refers to Fig. 2h and Fig.3. Experiment "LearningAndVaryingParameters" refers to Fig. 4. Experiment "OptogeneticInactivation" refers to Fig. 5. The column "TestingSession" defines whether those sessions were used for the analysis. It is used to exclude adaptation sessions to a new protocol for rodents in the "VaryingParameters" and "OptogeneticInactivation" experiments. In the human case, after an incorrect transition the subject receives an error cue and does not tap. This is considered a "trial" (and also a "streak") but not an attempt. This causes the StreakNumber and PokeNumber columns to increase by 2 after an error cue.