Pain and anxiety are the two main reasons that contribute to the avoidance of dental care. Treating of such patients is stressful for the dentist which might ultimately results in the failure of the treatment, as regardless of practioner?s clinical skills, the dental treatment might become compromised without effective pain control system. The ability to provide excellent, high quality pain control in dentistry is required which is based on the practical knowledge of the clinically relevant aspects and updates about the recent advances in the field of topical and local anaesthesia. Knowledge of the local and topical anaesthetic agents and the ability of the clinicians to choose the best delivery methods has become a most important thing in today?s dentistry. Therefore, an attempt to compile the literature studies available on recent updates of local anaesthesia in general as well as pediatric dentistry is made for better understanding the procedure and its practical implications.