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doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006873 , 10.1101/554055 , 10.5281/zenodo.3530801 , 10.5281/zenodo.3530800
pmid: 31830029
pmc: PMC6907744
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006873 , 10.1101/554055 , 10.5281/zenodo.3530801 , 10.5281/zenodo.3530800
pmid: 31830029
pmc: PMC6907744
Abstract Predation on swarms of prey, especially using visual information, has drawn much interest in studies of collective movement. Surprisingly, in the field of biosonar this aspect of prey detection, which is probably very common, has received little to no attention. Here, we combine computer simulations and actual echo measurements to accurately estimate the echo intensity of insect swarms of different size and density. We show that swarm echo intensity increases with 3dB for every doubling of insect number, irrespective of swarm density. Thus swarms will be much easier to detect than single insects. Many of the insects bats eat are so small that they are only detectable by echolocation at very short distances. By focusing on detection of swarms of insects, a bat may increase its operating range and diversify its diet. Interestingly, interference between the sound waves reflected from a swarm of insects can sometimes result in echoes that are much much weaker than echoes from single insects. We show that bats can reduce this problem by increasing the bandwidth of their echolocation calls. Specifically, a bandwidth of 3-8 kHz would guarantee receiving loud echoes from any angle relative to the swarm. Indeed, many bat species, and specifically bats hunting in open spaces, where swarms are abundant, use echolocation signals with a bandwidth of several kHz. Our results might also explain how the first echolocating bats that probably had limited echolocation abilities, could detect insects through swarm hunting.
Population Density, Stochastic Processes, Food Chain, Insecta, QH301-705.5, Finite Element Analysis, Computational Biology, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Chiroptera, Echolocation, Flight, Animal, Predatory Behavior, Animals, Computer Simulation, Biology (General), Research Article
Population Density, Stochastic Processes, Food Chain, Insecta, QH301-705.5, Finite Element Analysis, Computational Biology, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Chiroptera, Echolocation, Flight, Animal, Predatory Behavior, Animals, Computer Simulation, Biology (General), Research Article
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 21 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
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